Cystic fibrosis (CF) is the most common inherited autosomal recessive disease in Caucasian populations leading to pulmonary and digestive complications. CF is often associated with malnutrition due to the increased energy demands of chronic lung infection and reduced nutritional intake associated with anorexia and fat malabsorption. A high fat and high calorie diet is therefore advised. The importance of nutritional care has been evident for >3 decades as an increase in Body Mass Index (BMI) has been associated with an increase in pulmonary function (FEV1) and improved survival. In recent times reported overweight and obese BMI scores are increasing and the potential health risks are not understood in our ever aging CF population( Reference Kastner-Cole, Palmer and Ogston 1 ). Authors suggested that there were lower numbers of homozygous ∆F508 genotypes with a BMI >25. It has been proposed that dietary advice may need to be modified for CF patients with a BMI >25 or those expressing a heterozygous ∆F508 genotype( Reference Stephenson, Mannik and Walsh 2 ). The aim of the study was to evaluate the relationship between CFTR genotype with BMI and pulmonary function in CF patients.
Between April 2011 and April 2013 sixty four CF patients (37M/27F, median age 29 (17–60) years) were recruited from their routine appointments at the adult CF clinic and were measured for BMI (km/m2). The patients were grouped according to the following BMI categories: underweight (UW): <18.5 km/m2, normal weight (NW): 18.5–25.0 km/m2, overweight (OW): 25.1–30.0 km/m2 and obese (OB): >30.1 km/m2. Lung function (FEV1% predicted) and genotype were recorded at the time of data collection. To evaluate the relationship between BMI or pulmonary function with genotype the Kruskal-Wallis statistical test was used followed by the Mann Whitney U test.
Of the total 64 patients 9% were UW, 72% achieved a NW, 17% were OW, and 1 patient was OB. Increased BMI scores were associated with improved pulmonary function (FEV1% predicted, mean (range): UW:41 (25–53); NW:45 (12–92); OW:75 (54–110); OB:90 (P < 0.05). Twenty of the 64 CF patients were homozygous for the ΔF508 mutation; the remaining 44 were heterozygous (ΔF508/other). No association was observed between CF genotype status and BMI or pulmonary function.
The body weight of the CF population is increasing due to improvements in clinical care and today we observe BMI scores reaching OW and OB categories. The potential health risks of OW and OB in the CF population are not completely understood but the benefits of increased pulmonary function scores regardless of genotype are evident. Long term follow up studies are needed before a revision of dietary advice is proposed to CF patients.
