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Optimal nutrition: calcium, magnesium and phosphorus

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 February 2007

Kevin D. Cashman  and
Albert Flynn
Kevin D. Cashman*
Affiliation:
Department of Nutrition, University College, Cork, Republic of Ireland
Albert Flynn
Affiliation:
Department of Nutrition, University College, Cork, Republic of Ireland
*
*Corresponding author: Professor David Thurnham, fax +44 (0)1265 324965, email [email protected]
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Abstract

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In the past, a major challenge for nutrition research was in defining indicators of nutritional adequacy. More recently, the research base related to the role of nutrition in chronic disease has expanded sufficiently to permit moving beyond deficiency indicators to other indicators with broader functional significance. Thus, nutrition research is faced with the new challenge of defining ‘optimal nutrition’. One definition of optimal nutrition with respect to any particular nutrient could be when a functional marker reaches an ‘optimal value’ or plateau beyond which it is no longer affected by intake or stores of the nutrient. A functional marker of nutrient status could be defined as a physiological or biochemical factor which (1) is related to function or effect of the nutrient in target tissue(s) and (2) is affected by dietary intake or stores of the nutrient (which may include markers of disease risk). Examples of such indicators or markers are those related to risk of chronic diseases such as osteoporosis, CHD, or hypertension. The present review focuses on the concept of optimal nutrition with respect to three nutrients, Ca, Mg and P. However, for P and Mg there are as yet no functional indicators which respond to dietary intake, and in such cases nutrient requirements are established using more traditional approaches, e.g. balance data. For Ca, there has been interest in using maximal Ca retention, which is based on balance data, bone mass measurements and biomarkers of bone turnover as useful functional indicators of the adequacy of Ca intake.

Keywords

CalciumMagnesiumPhosphorusFunctional markers
Type
‘Optimal nutrition’
Information
Proceedings of the Nutrition Society , Volume 58 , Issue 2 , May 1999 , pp. 477 - 487
Copyright
Copyright © The Nutrition Society 1999

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