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Gut failure and abdominal visceral transplantation

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 March 2007

Kareem Abu-Elmagd  and
Geoffrey Bond
Kareem Abu-Elmagd*
Affiliation:
Intestinal Rehabilitation and Transplantation Center, Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
Geoffrey Bond
Affiliation:
Intestinal Rehabilitation and Transplantation Center, Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
*
*Corresponding author: Dr Kareem Abu-Elmagd, fax +1 412 647 0362, [email protected]
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Abstract

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Despite the reported high survival with total parenteral nutrition (TPN) therapy for patients with intestinal failure, a considerable number of patients do not escape the potential risks of TPN-associated complications, including hepatic failure, vanishing of central venous access and line sepsis. Thus, intestinal, liver-intestinal and multivisceral transplantation have recently emerged to rescue those who can no longer be maintained on TPN. Before this development, and for nearly three decades, small-bowel transplantation was plagued with uncontrolled rejection, graft v. host disease and fatal infection. These barriers stemmed from the large gut lymphoid mass and heavy microbial load contained in the intestinal lumen. The recent improvement in survival after the clinical introduction of tacrolimus with achievement of full enteric nutritional autonomy qualified the procedure by the US Health Care Financing Administration as the standard of care for patients with intestinal and TPN failure. The decision was supported by a decade of clinical experience with cumulative improvement in patient and graft survival. In addition, the introduction of new effective immunoprophylactic agents and novel therapeutic approaches has contributed to a further increase in the therapeutic advantages of the procedure. The present review article outlines the current clinical practice of intestinal transplantation and defines new management strategies with the aim of raising the level of the procedure to be a better alternative therapy for TPN-dependent patients.

Keywords

Intestinal failureTotal parenteral nutritionAbdominal visceral transplantationIntestinal transplantation and gut failure
Type
Meeting Report
Information
Proceedings of the Nutrition Society , Volume 62 , Issue 3 , August 2003 , pp. 727 - 737
Copyright
Copyright © The Nutrition Society 2003

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