Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-dsjbd Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-24T23:44:19.674Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The effect of inactivity on dietary intake and energy homeostasis

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  08 December 2008

P. Ritz  and
M. Elia
P. Ritz*
Affiliation:
Human Nutrition Research Centre-Auvergne, BP 321, Clermont-Ferrand, 63009, France
M. Elia
Affiliation:
Dunn Clinical Nutrition Centre, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 2DH, UK
*
Corresponding author: Dr P. Ritz, fax +33 473 608255, email [email protected]
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

Reduced physical activity commonly occurs in patients with disease or chronic disabilities, in the elderly, and in certain patients with obesity. Surprisingly, information on the effect of inactivity on energy homeostasis is scarce and often difficult to interpret. In models of reduced physical activity, such as space flights, bed-rest and confinement, subjects frequently lose weight (<5 %), predominantly in the form of fat-free mass. In some cases this is compensated by an increase in fat mass, which means that changes in weight are poor indicators of energy balance. The extent to which spontaneous reduction in energy intake (in most studies energy intake is fixed) compensates or overcompensates for the reduction in energy expenditure (mainly physical activity and to a small extent in BMR, typically <6 %) is largely underexamined. Preliminary observations suggesting that there is a preferential selection of low-energy-dense foods (low in fat) require confirmation under carefully controlled experimental conditions. It is concluded that a comprehensive and systematic evaluation is needed to address the effects and relevance of various degrees of physical inactivity to energy homeostasis, in relation to disease and space medicine.

Keywords

Physical inactivityEnergy balanceBody composition
Type
Nutrition and Behaviour Group Symposium on ‘The relationship between physical activity patterns and patterns of food, energy and nutrient intake’
Information
Proceedings of the Nutrition Society , Volume 58 , Issue 1 , February 1999 , pp. 115 - 122
Copyright
Copyright © The Nutrition Society 1999

References

Acheson, KJ, Décombaz, J, Piquet-Welsch, C, Montignon, F, Decarli, B, Bartholdi, I & Fern, E (1995) Energy, protein and substrate metabolism in simulated microgravity. American Journal of Physiology 269, R252–R260.Google ScholarPubMed
Asher, RAJ (1947) The dangers of going to bed. British Medical Journal 4, 967–968.Google Scholar
Cuthbertson, DP (1980 a) Alterations in metabolism following injury: Part I. Injury 11, 175–189.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cuthbertson, DP (1980 b) Alterations in metabolism following injury: Part II. Injury 11, 286–303.Google Scholar
Demaria-Pesce, VH, Verger, P, Guell, A & Louis-Sylvestre, J (1992) Changes in voluntary eating behaviour during a 28 day head down bed rest experiment: preliminary results. The Physiologist 35, S210–S211.Google Scholar
Elia, M (1981) Metabolic aspects of injury, starvation, and other conditions in man. MD Thesis, University of Manchester.Google Scholar
Elia, M (1995) Changing concepts of nutrient requirements in disease: implications for artificial nutritional support. Lancet 345, 1279–1284.Google Scholar
Elia, M (1998) The 1997 Report of the British Artifical Nutrition Survey. London: British Association of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition.Google Scholar
Elia, M & Jebb, SA (1992) Changing concepts of energy requirements in critically ill patients. Current Medical Literature in Clinical Nutrition 1, 35–38.Google Scholar
Ferrando, A, Lane, H, Stuart, C, Davis-Street, J & Wolfe, R (1996) Prolonged bed rest decreases skeletal muscle and whole body protein synthesis. American Journal of Physiology 270, E627–E633.Google ScholarPubMed
Garfinkel, VS, Pal'tser, YI, Fel'dman, AG & El'ner, AM (1969) Changes in certain human motor functions after prolonged hypodynamia. Problemy Kosmicheskoy Biologii 13, 148–169.Google Scholar
Gibney, E, Elia, M, Jebb, SA, Murgatroyd, P & Jennings, G (1996) Total energy expenditure in patients with small cell lung cancer: Results of a validated study using the bicarbonate-urea method. Metabolism 46, 1412–1417.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Greenleaf, JE (1982) Physiological consequences of reduced physical activity during bed-rest. Exercise and Sport Sciences Review 10, 84–117.Google Scholar
Greenleaf, JE (1984) Physiological responses to prolonged bed-rest and fluid immersion in humans. Journal of Applied Physiology 57, 619–633.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Greenleaf, JE (1989) Energy and thermal regulation during bed rest and spaceflight. Journal of Applied Physiology 67, 507–516.Google Scholar
Greenleaf, JE, Greenleaf, CJ, Van Derveer, D & Dorchak, J (1976) Adaptation to Prolonged Bed-rest in Man: a Compendium of Research. NASA Technical Memo X3307, pp.1–180. Washington, DC: NASA.Google Scholar
Greenleaf, JE, Silverstein, J, Bliss, J, Langeheim, V, Rossow, H & Chao, C (1982) Physiological Responses to Prolonged Bed-rest and Fluid Immersion in Man: A Compendium of Research (1974–1980). NASA Technical Memo 81324, pp.1–110. Washington, DC: NASA.Google Scholar
Gretebeck, RJ, Schoeller, DA, Gibson, EK & Lane, HW (1995) Energy expenditure during antiorthostatic bed-rest (simulated microgravity). Journal of Applied Physiology 78, 2207–2211.Google Scholar
Hackett, AF, Yeung, CK & Hull, GL (1979) Eating patterns in patients recovering from major surgery - a study of voluntary food intake and energy balance. British Journal of Surgery 66, 415–418.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Herbison, GJ & Talbot, JM (1985) Muscle atrophy during space flight: research needs and opportunities. The Physiologist 28, 520–527.Google ScholarPubMed
Jebb, SA (1997) Anorexia: a neglected clinical problem. In Physiology, Stress and Malnutrition: Functional Correlates and Nutritional Intervention, pp. 151–181 [Kinney, JM and Tucker, HN, editors]. Philadelphia and New York: Lippincott–Raven.Google Scholar
Jennings, G, Lunn, PG & Elia, M (1995) The effect of endotoxin on gastrointestinal transit time and intestinal permeability. Clinical Nutrition 14, 35–41.Google Scholar
Kakurin, LI, Kamkoviskiy, BS, Georiyeveskiy, VS, Purakhan, YN, Cherenikhin, MA, Mikhaylor, BN, Pemukhov, BN & Buryikor, YN (1970) Functional disturbances during hypokinesia in man. Voprosy Kurotologii Fiz'ioterapii i Lechebonoy Fizicheskoy Kul'tury 35, 19–24.Google Scholar
Kakurin, LI, Katkoviskiy, BS, Kozlov, AN & Mukharlyamor, NM (1964) Effect of hypokinesia on certain indices of efficiency and respiratory function in man. Aviation and Space Medicine 35, 192–194.Google Scholar
Keele, AM, Bray, MJ, Emery, PW, Duncan, HD & Silk, BDA (1997) Two phase randomised controlled clinical trial of post-operative and dietary supplements in surgical patients. Gut 40, 393–397.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kinney, JM, Lang, CL, Gump, FE & Duke, JH (1968) Tissue composition of weight loss in surgical patients. I Elective operation. Annals of Surgery 168, 459–474.Google Scholar
Kollias, J, Van Derveer, D, Dorchak, KJ & Greenleaf, JE (1976) Physiologic Responses to Water Immersion in Man. A Compendium of Research. NASA Technical Memo X3308, pp.1–87. Washington, DC: NASA.Google Scholar
Kramer, JA, Dewit, O & Elia, M (1998) Relationship between physical activity level, performance status, and quality of life in patients with inoperable lung cancer. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 57, 106A.Google Scholar
Krebs, J, Schneider, V, Evans, H, Kuo, M & Leblanc, A (1990) Energy absorption, lean body mass and total body fat changes during five weeks of continuous bed rest. Aviation Space and Environmental Medicine 61, 314–318.Google Scholar
Lane, H (1992) Energy requirements for space flights. Journal of Nutrition 122, 13–18.Google Scholar
Lane, H & Schulz, L (1992) Nutritional questions relevant to space flight. Annual Review of Nutrition 12, 257–278.Google Scholar
Lane, HW, Gretebeck, RJ, Schoeller, DA, Davis-Street, J, Socki, RA & Gibson, EK (1997) Comparison of ground-based and space flight energy expenditure and water turnover in middle-aged healthy male US astronauts. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 65, 4–12.Google Scholar
Leblanc, A, Schneider, V, Evans, H, Pientok, C & Spector, E (1992) Regional changes in muscle mass following 17 weeks of bed rest. Journal of Applied Physiology 73, 2172–2178.Google Scholar
Leonard, JI, Leach, C & Rambaut, PC (1983) Quantitation of tissue loss during prolonged space flight. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 38, 667–679.Google Scholar
Macallan, DC, Noble, C, Baldwin, C, Jebb, SA, Prentice, AM, Coward, WA, Sawyer, MB, McManus, TJ & Griffin, GE (1995) Energy expenditure and wasting in human immunodeficiency virus infection. New England Journal of Medicine 333, 83–88.Google Scholar
Maillet, A, Gunga, HC, Normand, S, Allevard, AM, Cotter-Emard, JM, Pachiaudi, C, Kirsch, K, Gauquelin, G & Gharib, C (1998) Effects of a 60-day confinement on the blood pressure, hormonal responses and body fluids of a mixed crew. Journal of Gravitational Physiology (In the Press).Google ScholarPubMed
Milon, H, Decarli, B, Adine, AM & Kihm, E (1996) Food intake and nutritional status during EXEMSI In Advances in Space Biology and Medicine, pp. 79–91 [Bonting, SJ, editor]. London: JAI Press Inc.Google Scholar
Paton, NIJ, Elia, M, Jebb, SA, Jennings, G, Macallan, DC & Griffin, GE (1996) Total energy expenditure and physical activity measured with the bicarbonate-urea method in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection. Clinical Science 91, 241–245.Google Scholar
Plata-Salaman, CR (1996) Anorexia during acute and chronic disease. Nutrition 12, 69–78.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rambaut, PC, Leach, CS & Leonard, JI (1977) Observations in energy balance in man during spaceflight. American Journal of Physiology 233, R208–R212.Google Scholar
Rana, SK, Bray, J, Menzies-Gow, N, Jameson, J, Payne James, JJ, Frost, P & Silk, DBA (1992) Short term benefits of post-operative oral dietary supplements in surgical patients. Clinical Nutrition 11, 337–344.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ritz, P, Acheson, KJ, Gachon, P, Vico, L, Alexandre, C, Bernard, J & Beaufrère, B (1998) Energy and substrate metabolism during 42 days bed-rest in a head down tilt position. European Journal of Applied Physiology (In the Press).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Saltin, B, Blomqvist, G, Mitchell, JH, Johnson, RL, Wildenthal, K & Chapman, CB (1968) Response to exercise after bed-rest and after training. A longitudinal study of adaptive changes in oxygen transport and body composition. Circulation 38, Suppl. 7, VII-1–VII-78.Google Scholar
Sandler, H & Vernikos, J (editors) (1986) In Inactivity: Physiological Effects. London: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Stableforth, PG (1986) Supplement feeds and nitrogen and calorie balance following femoral neck fracture. British Journal of Surgery 73, 651–655.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Stein, TP & Gaprindashvili, T (1994) Spaceflight and protein metabolism, with special reference to humans. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 60, 806S–819S.Google Scholar
Stein, TP & Schluter, MD (1994) Excretion of IL-6 by astronauts during spaceflight. American Journal of Physiology 266, E448–E452.Google ScholarPubMed
Stratton, RJ, Dewit, O, Crowe, E, Jennings, G, Villar, RN & Elia, M (1997) Plasma leptin, energy intake and hunger following total hip replacement surgery. Clinical Science 93, 113–117.Google Scholar
White, PD, Nyberg, JW, Finney, LM & White, WJ (1966) A Comparative Study of the Physiological Effects of Immersion and Bed-rest. Report DAC-59226. Santa Monica, CA: Douglas Aircraft Co Inc.Google Scholar
Williams, BA & Reese, RD (1972) Effect of Bed-rest on Thermoregulation. Aerospace Medical Association Preprint, pp.140–141. Washington, DC: Aerospace Medical AssociationGoogle Scholar