Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-t5tsf Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-07T22:25:05.096Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Supermassive black holes (SMBH) at work: M87, a case study of the effects of SMBH outbursts

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  24 March 2015

William Forman ,
Eugene Churazov ,
Christine Jones  and
Alexey Vikhlinin
William Forman
Affiliation:
Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, CfA, 60 Garden St., Cambridge, MA 02138, USA email: [email protected]
Eugene Churazov
Affiliation:
Max Planck Instiute for Astrophysics, Garching, Germany IKI, Space Research Institute, Moscow, Russia email: [email protected], [email protected]
Christine Jones
Affiliation:
Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, CfA, 60 Garden St., Cambridge, MA 02138, USA email: [email protected]
Alexey Vikhlinin
Affiliation:
Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, CfA, 60 Garden St., Cambridge, MA 02138, USA email: [email protected]
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

Supermassive black holes (SMBHs) play key roles in galaxy and cluster evolution. This is most clearly seen in the “fossil record” that is imprinted in the gas rich atmospheres of early type galaxies, groups, and clusters by powerful SMBH outbursts. From a detailed X-ray study of M87, we present the properties of a typical SMBH outburst, its evolution, and the energy partition between shocks and the enthalpy of the gas cavities inflated by the SMBH. About 12 Myr ago, the SMBH in M87 inflated a cavity of relativistic plasma which is still centered near the galaxy nucleus. This outburst drove a shock into the surrounding gas. For M87, we show that the outburst duration is a few Myr and that about 50% of the total energy (5 × 1057 ergs) resides in the bubble inflated by the jet from the SMBH, that 25% of the outburst energy is deposited directly into the ambient atmosphere by the shock, and that 25% of the outburst energy is lost from the radiatively bright core as the weak shock moves to large radii. We conclude by describing a future X-ray mission, SMART-X, with < 1” angular resolution that would allow us to study the evolution of SMBHs and the hot, X-ray emitting atmospheres from high redshifts to the present for M87-like systems.

Keywords

X-rays: galaxiesX-rays: galaxies: clustersgalaxies: individual (M87)galaxies: activegalaxies: evolutiongalaxies: elliptical and lenticularcD
Type
Contributed Papers
Information
Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union , Volume 10 , Issue S313: Extragalactic jets from every angle , September 2014 , pp. 309 - 314
Copyright
Copyright © International Astronomical Union 2015 

References

Baldi, A., et al. 2009, ApJ, 707, 1034Google Scholar
Birzan, L., et al. 2004, ApJ, 607, 800CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bower, R. G., et al. 2006, MNRAS, 370, 645CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Churazov, E., Bruggen, M., Kaiser, C., Boehringer, H., & Forman, W. 2001, ApJ, 554, 261Google Scholar
Churazov, E., Sunyaev, R., Forman, W., & Boehringer, H. 2012, MNRAS, 332, 729Google Scholar
Churazov, E., Forman, W., Jones, C., & Boehringer, H. 2000, A&A, 356, 788Google Scholar
Churazov, E.et al. 2005, MNRAS, 363, L91Google Scholar
Croton, D., et al. 2006, MNRAS, 365, 11CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Curtis, H. 1918, Pub. Lick Obs., 13, 31Google Scholar
de Gasperin, F., et al. 2012, A&A, 547, 56Google Scholar
Fabian, A. 2012, ARA&A, 50, 455Google Scholar
Ferrarese, L. & Merritt, D. 2000, ApJ, 539, 9Google Scholar
Forman, W., Jones, C., & Tucker, W. 1985, ApJ, 429, 77Google Scholar
Forman, W., Jones, C., Churazov, E., Boehringer, H., Eilek, J., & Owen, F. 2007, ApJ, 665, 1057Google Scholar
Forman, W., et al. 2014, in preparationGoogle Scholar
Gehhardt, K., et al. 2000, ApJ, 539, 13Google Scholar
Gebhardt, K., et al. 2011, ApJ, 729, 119Google Scholar
Hines, D., Owen, F., & Eilek, J. 1989, ApJ 347, 713Google Scholar
Jones, C.et al. 2002, ApJL 567, L115Google Scholar
Marshall, H., et al. 2002, ApJ, 564, 383Google Scholar
McNamara, B., et al. 2009, ApJ, 698, 594Google Scholar
McNamara, B. & Nulsen, P. 2007, ARA&A, 45, 117Google Scholar
Nulsen, P.et al. 2009, AIPC, 1201, 198Google Scholar
Owen, F., Eilek, J., & Kassim, N. 2000, ApJ, 543, 611Google Scholar
Thomas, P. A., et al. 1986, MNRAS, 222, 655Google Scholar
Vikhlinin, A. 2013, MmSAI, 84, 805Google Scholar
Vikhlinin, A.et al. 2012, SPIE, 8443, 16Google Scholar
Zhuravleva, I., et al. 2014, Nature, 515, 85Google Scholar