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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 23 December 2024
Time–distance helioseismology uses solar surface Doppler observations to measure areas that are not directly observable, such as solar interior, far side, and sunquake sources. In this work, we briefly review recent advancements in time–distance helioseismology, focusing on meridional circulation measurements, far-side imaging, and sunquakes. Solar deep meridional flows are crucial for understanding the dynamics of the solar interior, but precise measurements of these flows are challenging. This review explores recent developments in this area, particularly highlighting new findings related to systematic effects that have long challenged meridional circulation determination. We also review recent progress in solar far-side imaging, which is useful in improving space weather forecasting. Recent developments in far-side imaging using time–distance techniques and Deep Learning are introduced. Additionally, we review a new approach in sunquake reconstruction by incorporating observation-based Green’s functions constructed by time–distance helioseismology.