Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-2plfb Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-24T12:10:46.500Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Modelling of Cosmic Molecular Masers: Introduction to a Computation Cookbook

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  24 July 2012

Andrej M. Sobolev
Affiliation:
Ural Federal University, Lenin Ave. 51, Ekaterinburg 620000, Russia email: [email protected]
Malcolm D. Gray
Affiliation:
University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK email: [email protected]
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

Numerical modeling of molecular masers is necessary in order to understand their nature and diagnostic capabilities. Model construction requires elaboration of a basic description which allows computation, that is a definition of the parameter space and basic physical relations. Usually, this requires additional thorough studies that can consist of the following stages/parts: relevant molecular spectroscopy and collisional rate coefficients; conditions in and around the masing region (that part of space where population inversion is realized); geometry and size of the masing region (including the question of whether maser spots are discrete clumps or line-of-sight correlations in a much bigger region) and propagation of maser radiation. Output of the maser computer modeling can have the following forms: exploration of parameter space (where do inversions appear in particular maser transitions and their combinations, which parameter values describe a ‘typical’ source, and so on); modeling of individual sources (line flux ratios, spectra, images and their variability); analysis of the pumping mechanism; predictions (new maser transitions, correlations in variability of different maser transitions, and the like). Described schemes (constituents and hierarchy) of the model input and output are based mainly on the experience of the authors and make no claim to be dogmatic.

Type
Contributed Papers
Copyright
Copyright © International Astronomical Union 2012

References

Bernes, C. 1979, Astron. Astrophys., 73, 67Google Scholar
Bloemhof, E. E., Moran, J. M., & Reid, M. J. 1996, ApJ, 467, 117CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bolgova, G. T., Makarov, S. V., & Sobolev, A. M. 1988, Astrophysics, 28, 239CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cesaroni, R. & Walmsley, C. M. 1991, Astron. Astrophys., 241, 537Google Scholar
Cooke, B. & Elitzur, M. 1985, ApJ, 295, 175CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cragg, D. M., Sobolev, A. M., Ellingsen, S. P., et al. 2001, MNRAS, 323, 939CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cragg, D. M., Sobolev, A. M., & Godfrey, P. D. 2002, MNRAS, 331, 521CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cragg, D. M., Sobolev, A. M., Caswell, , et al. 2004, MNRAS, 351, 1327CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cragg, D. M., Sobolev, A. M., & Godfrey, P. D. 2005, MNRAS, 360, 533CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Deguchi, S. & Iguchi, T. 1976, PASJ, 28, 307Google Scholar
Deguchi, S. 1977, PASJ, 29, 669Google Scholar
Deguchi, S. 1982, PASJ, 29, 669Google Scholar
Deguchi, S. & Watson, W. D. 1989, ApJ, 340, 17CrossRefGoogle Scholar
de Jong, T. 1973, Astron. Astrophys., 26, 297Google Scholar
Dinh-v-Trung 2009, MNRAS, 396, 2319CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dinh-v-Trung 2009, MNRAS, 399, 1495CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Elitzur, M. & Asensio Ramos, A. 2006, MNRAS, 365, 779CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fiebig, D. 1997, Astron. Astrophys., 758, 770Google Scholar
Field, D. & Gray, M. D. 1988, MNRAS, 234, 353CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Flower, D. R. 2003, Molecular Collisions in the Interstellar Medium, pp. 145. ISBN 0521545749. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, December 2003.Google Scholar
Gallimore, J. F., Cool, R. J., Thornley, M. D., & McMullin, J. 2003, ApJ, 586, 306CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gray, M. D., Doel, R. C., & Field, D. 1991, MNRAS, 252, 307CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gray, M. D. 2001, MNRAS, 324, 57CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gray, M. D., Hutawarakorn, B., & Cohen, R. J. 2003, MNRAS, 343, 1067CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gray, M. D. 2005, Astrophys.Space Sci., 295, 309CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gray, M. D. 2007, MNRAS, 375, 477CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gray, M. D., Wittkowski, M., Scholz, M., et al. 2009, MNRAS, 394, 51CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Greenhill, L. J., Jiang, D. R., Moran, J. M., et al. 1995, ApJ, 440, 619CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Greenhill, L. J., Gwinn, C. R., Schwartz, C., et al. 1998, Nature, 396, 650CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gwinn, C. 1994, ApJ, 431, L123CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hartquist, T. W., Menten, K. M., Lepp, S., & Dalgarno, A. 1995, MNRAS, 272, 184CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harvey-Smith, L. & Cohen, R. J. 2006, MNRAS, 371, 1550CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Humphreys, E. L. M., Gray, M. D., Yates, J. A., et al. 1996, MNRAS, 282, 1359CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Johns, K. P., Cragg, D. M., Godfrey, P. D., & Sobolev, A. M. 1997, MNRAS, 300, 999CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Juvela, M. 1998, Astron. Astrophys., 329, 659Google Scholar
Lockett, P. & Elitzur, M. 2008, ApJ, 677, 985CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mac Low, M.-M., Elitzur, M., Stone, J. M., & Koenigl, A. 1994, ApJ, 427, 914CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Menegozzi, L. N. & Lamb, W. E. Jr. 1978, Phys. Rev. A, 17, 701CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Menten, K. M. 1991, ASPC, 16, 119Google Scholar
Menten, K. M., Johnston, K. J., Wadiak, E. J., et al. 1988, ApJ, 381, L41CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Minier, V., Booth, R. S., & Conway, J. E. 2002, Astron. Astrophys., 383, 614CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Moscadelli, L., Sanna, A., & Goddi, C. 2011, Astron. Astrophys., 536, 38CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ng, K.-C. 1974, JCP, 61, 2680Google Scholar
Ostrovskii, A. B. & Sobolev, A. M., 2002, IAUS, 206, 183Google Scholar
Pavlakis, K. G. & Kylafis, N. D. 1996, ApJ, 467, 300CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Scharmer, G. B. & Carlsson, M. 1985, J. Comp. Phys., 59, 56CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shchekinov, Yu. A. & Sobolev, A. M. 2004, Astron. Astrophys., 418, 1045CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shmeld, I. K., Strel'nitskii, V. S., & Muzylev, V. V. 1976, Soviet Astronomy, 20, 411Google Scholar
Slysh, V. I., Kalenskii, S. V., & Val'tts, I. E. 2002, Astron. Reports, 46, 49CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sobolev, A. M. & Strelnitskii, V. S. 1983, Soviet Astronomy Letters, 9, 12Google Scholar
Sobolev, A. M. 1986, Soviet Astronomy, 30, 399Google Scholar
Sobolev, A. M. 1989, Astron.Nachr., 310, 343CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sobolev, A. M. 1993, LNP, 412, 215Google Scholar
Sobolev, A. M. & Deguchi, S. 1994a, ApJ, 433, 719CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sobolev, A. M. & Deguchi, S. 1994b, Astron. Astrophys., 291, 569Google Scholar
Sobolev, A. M., Cragg, D. M., & Godfrey, P. D. 1997, Astron. Astrophys., 324, 211Google Scholar
Sobolev, A. M., Cragg, D. M., & Godfrey, P. D. 1997, MNRAS (Letters), 288, 39CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sobolev, A. M., Wallin, B. K., & Watson, W. D. 1998, ApJ, 498, 763CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sobolev, A. M., Ostrovskii, A. B., Malyshev, A. V., et al. 2002, IAU Symposium, 206, 179Google Scholar
Sobolev, A. M., Watson, W. D., & Okorokov, V. A. 2003, ApJ, 590, 333CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sobolev, A. M., Sutton, E. C., Cragg, D. M., & Godfrey, P. D. 2005, Astrophys.Space Sci., 295, 189CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sobolev, A. M., Cragg, D. M., Ellingsen, S. P., et al. 2007, IAUS, 242, 81CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sobolev, A. M., Sutton, E. C., Watson, W. D., et al. 2008, Radiophys. and Radioastron., 13, S76Google Scholar
Strelnitskii, V. S. 1988, Proc.IAU Symp., 129, 239Google Scholar
Sutton, E. C., Sobolev, A. M., Ellingsen, S. P., et al. 2001, ApJ, 554, 173CrossRefGoogle Scholar
van der Walt, D. J., Sobolev, A. M., & Butner, H. 2007, Astron. Astrophys., 464, 1015CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vinsome, P. K. W. 1976, 4th SPE Symp. on Reservoir Simul. Soc. of Petroleum Engineers, 4, 149Google Scholar
Voronkov, M. A., Austin, M. C., & Sobolev, A. M. 2002, Astron. Astrophys., 387, 310CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Voronkov, M. A., Sobolev, A. M., Ellingsen, S. P., et al. 2005, Astrophys.Space Sci., 295, 217CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wallin, B. K., Watson, W. D., & Wyld, H. W. 1998, ApJ, 495, 774CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Watson, W. D. & Wyld, H. W. 2003, ApJ, 598, 357CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Watson, W. D., Wiebe, D. S., McKinney, J. C., & Gammie, C. F. 2004, ApJ, 604, 707CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Xu, Y., Reid, M. J., Zheng, X. W., & Menten, K. M. 2006, Science, 311, 54CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yates, J. A., Field, D., & Gray, M. D. 1997, MNRAS, 285, 303CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yun, Y. J., Park, Y.-S., & Lee, S. H. 2009, Astron. Astrophys., 507, 1785CrossRefGoogle Scholar