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Hunting for Globular Clusters in the early universe

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 March 2020

Frederika Phipps Open the ORCID record for Frederika Phipps [Opens in a new window] ,
Sadegh Khochfar  and
Anna Lisa Varri
Frederika Phipps
Affiliation:
Institute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Royal Observatory, Blackford Hill, EdinburghEH9 3HJ, UK email: [email protected]
Sadegh Khochfar
Affiliation:
Institute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Royal Observatory, Blackford Hill, EdinburghEH9 3HJ, UK email: [email protected]
Anna Lisa Varri
Affiliation:
Institute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Royal Observatory, Blackford Hill, EdinburghEH9 3HJ, UK email: [email protected] Department of Astronomy, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
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Abstract

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Setting the formation of globular clusters (GCs) within a cosmological context and characterising the properties of proto-GCs at high redshift is currently a major challenge. In this work, we address that challenge by exploring a suit of high-resolution cosmological simulations from the First Billion Years (FiBY) project z at ⩾6 to investigate theoretical scenarios concerning the formation of old, low-mass stellar systems with a particular focus on GCs. Two distinct groups of objects are identified in the simulations. The first group of objects, with a high baryon fraction, we associate with proto-GCs. The second group, that exhibit a high stellar fraction, could be forming ultra-faint dwarf galaxies (UFDs). The objects with high baryon fraction are promising proto-GC candidates because they have little to no dark matter (DM), have number densities consistent with predictions from the literature, are very compact and have a high stellar density. We fit and also assess the redshift-zero globular system mass - halo mass relation and find it provides a reasonable fit to our proto-GC objects, indicating that this relation is likely set at formation.

Keywords

globular clusters: generalearly universe
Type
Contributed Papers
Information
Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union , Volume 14 , Symposium S351: Star Clusters: From the Milky Way to the Early Universe , May 2019 , pp. 212 - 215
Copyright
© International Astronomical Union 2020

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