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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 17 May 2006
Understanding the energy and matter content of the Universe and its evolution are key goals for the international astronomical community and all extremely large telescope projects. ELTs will bring a wide range of tools to bear on questions relating to the nature of dark energy and the formation and early evolution of galaxies. Natural seeing and ground-layer corrected instruments on ELTs will quantify the assembly of galaxies at modest redshifts, while near-IR diffraction-limited instruments will probe the internal structure of early galaxies and the epoch of first light and reionization.