Compositional coma investigations: Gas and dust production rates in comets

Abstract

Although it is presently not possible to extract the true composition of a comet nucleus from its coma composition, the distribution of physical and chemical coma properties among comets may be expedient to establish a comet classification scheme that reflects their origin and/or evolution. Most of the coma species visible in the optical were extensively observed in the past. The analysis of these gas coma constituents, mainly daughter products produced for the most part by photolytic destruction of their parent species, is therefore of major importance, if we want to draw conclusions on diversities and similarities of comets in terms of coma composition on a statistically relevant basis. Hundreds of gas and dust production rates are published, but have never been combined into a single database that would allow identifying whether and how the abundances of coma species differ from comet to comet and how they vary with heliocentric distance and with the number of apparitions. A common database can however only be established if the production rates are re-calculated with a common model and set of parameters.