Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-hc48f Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-27T22:44:10.545Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Characterization and Properties of Earth-like Planets

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  13 January 2020

Dániel Apai*
Affiliation:
Steward Observatory, The University of ArizonaTucson, AZ, USA email: [email protected] Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, The University of ArizonaTucson, AZ, USA
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

The search for life in the Universe is intertwined with studies of extrasolar planets aimed at identifying and understanding habitable rocky planets, including those similar in size, bulk composition, planetary environment, and evolution to Earth. The past five years have seen dramatic progress in our understanding of the small (1–4 REarth) planet population. Here we briefly review key results on the occurrence rates of small planets, the first evidence for compositional diversity of these worlds, early results on the characterization of their atmospheres, and the progress toward finding and interpreting potentially habitable planets orbiting the closest stars. We also briefly highlight next steps in furthering our understanding of the origins and properties of habitable worlds.

Type
Contributed Papers
Copyright
© International Astronomical Union 2020 

References

Anglada-Escudé, G., Amado, P. J., Barnes, J., et al., 2016, Nature, 536, 437 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Apai, D., Cowan, N., Kopparapu, R., et al., 2017, EXOPAG SAG15 Report, arXiv:170802821AGoogle Scholar
Apai, D., Rackham, B. V., Giampapa, M. S., et al., 2018, NAS White Paper, arXiv:180308708AGoogle Scholar
Agol, E., & Deck, K., 2016, ApJ, 818, 177 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barclay, T., Pepper, J., & Quintana, E. V., 2018, ApJS, 239, 2 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Batalha, N. M., 2014, PNAS, 11112647BGoogle Scholar
Belikov, R., et al., 2017, EXOPAG Report, https://exoplanets.nasa.gov/exep/exopag/sag/#sag13Google Scholar
Bixel, A. D., & Apai, D., 2016, ApJ, 836, 31 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bonfils, X., Astudillo-Defru, N., Díaz, R., et al., 2018, A&A, 613, 9 Google Scholar
Burke, C. J., Christiansen, J. L., Mullally, F., et al., 2015, ApJ, 809, 19 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carone, L., Keppens, R., Decin, L., & Henning, Th ., 2018, MNRAS, 473, 4672 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Catling, D. C., Krissansen-Totton, J., Kiang, N. Y., et al., 2018, Astrobiology, 18, 709 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chen, H., & Rogers, L. A., 2016, ApJ, 831, 180 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cowan, N., Greene, T., & Angerhausen, D., 2015, PASP, 127, 311 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dressing, C. D., & Charbonneau, D., 2015, ApJ, 807, 45 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fulton, B. J., et al. 2017, AJ, 853, 122 Google Scholar
Fulton, B. J., et al., 2018, AJ, 156, 264 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fujii, Y., Angerhausen, D., Deitrick, R., et al., 2018, Astrobiology, 18, 739 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gillon, M., Triaud, A. H. M. J., Demory, B-O. et al., 2016, Nature, 533, 221 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gillon, M., Triaud, A. H. M. J., Demory, B-O. et al., 2017, Nature, 542, 456 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ginzburg, S., Schichtling, H. E., & Sari, R., 2018, MNRAS, 476, 759 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grimm, S. L., Demory, B.-O., Gillon, M., et al., 2018, A&A, 613, 68 Google Scholar
Hsu, D. C., Ford, E. B., Ragozzine, D., & Morehead, R. C., 2018, AJ, 155, 205 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kiang, N. Y., Domagal-Goldman, S., Parentau, M. N., et al., 2018, Astrobiology, 18, 619 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Heng, K., & Kitzmann, D., 2017, MNRAS, 470, 2972 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kopparapu, R. K., 2013, ApJ, 767, 8 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kopparapu, R. K., Ramirez, R. M., et al., 2014, ApJ, 787, 29 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kreidberg, L., Bean, J. L., Désert, J-M. et al., 2014, Nature, 505, 69 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lopez, E. D., & Fortney, J. J., 2014, ApJ, 792, 1 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Meadows, V. S., Arney, G. N., Schwieterman, E. W., et al., 2018, Astrobiology, 18, 133 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mulders, G. D., Pascucci, I., Apai, D., & Ciesla, F. J., 2018, AJ, 156, 24 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mulders, G. D., Pascucci, I., & Apai, D., 2015a, ApJ, 798, 112 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mulders, G. D., Pascucci, I., & Apai, D., 2015b, ApJ, 814, 130 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Owen, J. E., & Wu, Y., 2017, ApJ, 847, 29 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Petigura, E. A., Howard, A. W., & Marcy, G. W., 2013, PNAS, 11019273P Google Scholar
Pont, F., Knutson, H., Gilliland, R. L., et al., 2008, MNRAS, 385, 109 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rackham, B. V., Espinoza, N., Apai, D., et al., 2017, ApJ, 834, 151 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rackham, B. V., Apai, D., & Giampapa, M. S., 2018, ApJ, 853, 122 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ribas, I., Tuomi, M., Reiners, A., et al., 2018, Nature 563, 365 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rogers, L. A., & Seager, S., 2010a, ApJ, 712, 974 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rogers, L. A., & Seager, S., 2010b, ApJ, 716, 1208 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Seager, S., & Deming, D., 2010, ARAA, 48, 631 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schwieterman, E. W., Kiang, N. Y., Parentau, M. N., et al., 2018, Astrobiology, 18, 663 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sing, D., Fortney, J. J., Nikolov, Nikolay, et al., 2016, Nature, 529, 59 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sullivan, P. W., Winn, J. N., Berta-Thompson, Z. K., et al., 2015, ApJ, 809, 77 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wakeford, H. R., Lewis, N. K, & Fowler, J., 2018, Astron. J., in press, arXiv:1811.04877Google Scholar
Walker, S. I., Bains, W., & Cronin, L., 2018, Astrobiology, 18, 779 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
de Wit, J., Wakeford, H. R., Gillon, M., et al., 2016, Nature, 537, 69 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
de Wit, J., Wakeford, H. R., Lewis, N. K, et al., 2016, Nat. Astr., 2, 214 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhang, Z., Zhou, Y., Rackham, B. V., & Apai, D., 2018, AJ, 156, 178 CrossRefGoogle Scholar