Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-l7hp2 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-27T19:51:00.590Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

“WE ALWAYS THINK IT'S NEVER GOING TO HAPPEN TO US”: UNDERSTANDING WHAT MOTIVATES COMMUNITIES TO ENGAGE IN EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 June 2023

Tera Maher  and
Christine Toh
Tera Maher*
Affiliation:
University of Nebraska at Omaha
Christine Toh
Affiliation:
University of Nebraska at Omaha
*
Maher, Tera Skye, University of Nebraska at Omaha, United States of America, [email protected]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

Community-based disaster risk reduction is an effective approach for emergency management to address the needs of communities. This approach focuses on identifying the community-specific needs and context of emergency management in that area to develop technologies that help mitigate effects of disasters. The complex network of community, technology, and user motivation makes it challenging to understand how to encourage users to adopt preparation efforts, as opposed to reactive measures that have been shown to be less effective and can lead to inequitable results. To address this research gap, qualitative interviews were conducted with participants from one medium-sized midwestern city in the United States to understand how community members think about preparation and make decision about adopting preventative technologies. The results of the qualitative analysis reveal that there were 5 main themes that are important to consider when developing technologies for emergency preparedness; Importance of communication during emergencies, the role of technology in emergency management, unequal access to resources, reaction instead of preparation, and motivation to engage in community preparedness and response.

Keywords

Design methodologyDesign processUser centred designemergency managementcommunity resilience
Type
Article
Information
Proceedings of the Design Society , Volume 3: ICED23 , July 2023 , pp. 19 - 28
Creative Commons
Creative Common License - CCCreative Common License - BYCreative Common License - NCCreative Common License - ND
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives licence (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is unaltered and is properly cited. The written permission of Cambridge University Press must be obtained for commercial re-use or in order to create a derivative work.
Copyright
The Author(s), 2023. Published by Cambridge University Press

References

Bakule, L., and Lunze, J. (1988), Decentralized design of feedback control for large-scale systems. Kybernetika, vol. 24, no. 8, pp 1–3.Google Scholar
Baudoin, M., Henly-Shepard, S., Fernando, N., Sitati, A. and Zommers, Z. (2016), “From Top-Down to “Community-Centric” Approaches to Early Warning Systems: Exploring Pathways to Improve Disaster Risk Reduction Through Community Participation”, International journal of disaster risk science; International Journal of Disaster Risk Science, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 163–174. http://doi.org/10.1007/s13753-016-0085-6CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Boin, A. and 't Hart, P. (2010), “Organising for effective emergency management: Lessons from research 1”, Australian Journal of public administration, vol. 69, no. 4, pp. 357–371.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Botzen, W.J.W., Kunreuther, H., Czajkowski, J., and de Moel, H. (2019), “Adoption of Individual Flood Damage Mitigation Measures in New York City: An Extension of Protection Motivation Theory”, Risk Analysis; vol. 39, no. 10, pp. 2143–2159. http://doi.org/10.1111/risa.13318CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Burnard, P. (1991). A method of analysing interview transcripts in qualitative research. Nurse education today, 11(6):461–466.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Westermeyer, J.C., Cartes, J., Bustamante, A. and Perez, M. (2011), “Shaping The Individual Designer: Participatory Design In Emergency Context”, DS 68-8: Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Engineering Design (ICED 11), Impacting Society through Engineering Design, Vol. 8: Design Education, Lyngby/Copenhagen, Denmark, 15.-19.08. 2011.Google Scholar
Cardin, M., Ka-Ho Yue, H., Jiang, Y., Deng, Y. and Santhanakrishnan, D. (2013), “Empirical evaluation of flexible design concept generation procedures: A study in emergency services”, DS 75-7: Proceedings of the 19th International Conference on Engineering Design (ICED13), Design for Harmonies, Vol. 7: Human Behaviour in Design, Seoul, Korea, 19-22.08. 2013, pp. 1.Google Scholar
Carter, L. and Peek, L. (2016), “Participation please: Barriers to tribal disaster mitigation planning”, Natural Hazards Observer, vol. 40, no. 4.Google Scholar
Chase, W.G. and Simon, H.A. (1973), “The mind's eye in chess”, Visual information processing, ElsevierCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Choi, J. and Wehde, W. (2020), “Trust in Emergency Management Authorities and Individual Emergency Preparedness for Tornadoes”, Risk, hazards & crisis in public policy, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 12–34.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Davis, F.D., Bagozzi, R.P., Warshaw, P.R. (1989), “User acceptance of computer technology: a comparison of two theoretical models.” Manag Sci 35(8):982–1003CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ejeta, L.T., Ardalan, A., and Paton, D. (2015), “Application of behavioral theories to disaster and emergency health preparedness: A systematic review”. PLoS currents, 7.Google ScholarPubMed
Ferdinand, I., O'Brien, G., O'Keefe, P. and Jayawickrama, J. (2012), “The double bind of poverty and community disaster risk reduction: A case study from the Caribbean”, International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, vol. 2, pp. 84–94. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2012.09.003CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Frederickson, H.G. (2015), Social equity and public administration: Origins, developments, and applications: Origins, developments, and applications, Routledge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gailmard, S. and Patty, J.W. (2019), “Preventing Prevention”, American Journal of Political Science, vol. 63, no. 2, pp. 342–352. http://doi.org/10.1111/ajps.12411CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Geis, D.E. (2000), “By design: The disaster resistant and quality-of-life community”, Natural Hazards Review, vol. 1, no. 3, pp. 151–160.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hasenkamp, T., Arvidsson, M., and Gremyr, I. (2009), “A review of practices for robust design methodology.”, Journal of Engineering DesignCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Healy, A. and Malhotra, N. (2009), “Myopic Voters and Natural Disaster Policy”, The American political science review; Am Polit Sci Rev, vol. 103, no. 3, pp. 387–406. http://doi.org/10.1017/S0003055409990104CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Holtzblatt, K. (2007), “Contextual design”. The human-computer interaction handbook, pp. 975–990.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Izumi, T., Shaw, R., Djalante, R., Ishiwatari, M. and Komino, T. (2019), “Disaster risk reduction and innovations”, Progress in Disaster Science, Vol. 2, pp. 100033.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jensen, A.D., Håkonsen, E. and Keitsch, M. (2021), “Designing For Trust In Emerging Technologies In The Health Sector”, DS 110: Proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on Engineering and Product Design Education (EandPDE 2021), VIA Design, VIA University in Herning, Denmark. 9th-10thCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kapalo, K.A. and LaViola, J.J. (2019), “Failing to Plan is Planning to Fail: Capturing the Pre-incident Planning Needs of Firefighters”, Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 63, no. 1, pp. 612–616. http://doi.org/10.1177/1071181319631113CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lauri, S. and Kyngas, H. (2005), “Developing nursing theories”, Vantaa, Finland: Werner Söderström, Dark Oy.Google Scholar
Lee, T. and Hughes, S. (2017), “Perceptions of urban climate hazards and their effects on adaptation agendas”, Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, vol. 22, no. 5, pp. 761–776. http://doi.org/10.1007/s11027-015-9697-1CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Linnemayr, S., O'Hanlon, C., Uscher-Pines, L., Van Abel, K. and Nelson, C. (2016), “Using insights from behavioral economics to strengthen disaster preparedness and response”, Disaster medicine and public health preparedness, vol. 10, no. 5, pp. 768–774.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mayring, P. (2004), “Qualitative content analysis”, A companion to qualitative research, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 159–176.Google Scholar
McCallum, I., Liu, W., See, L., Mechler, R., Keating, A., Hochrainer-Stigler, S., Mochizuki, J., Fritz, S., Dugar, S., Arestegui, M., Szoenyi, M., Bayas, J.L., Burek, P., French, A. and Moorthy, I. (2016), “Technologies to Support Community Flood Disaster Risk Reduction”, International Journal of Disaster Risk Science, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 198–204. http://doi.org/10.1007/s13753-016-0086-5CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McLoughlin, D. (1985), “A framework for integrated emergency management”, Public administration review, vol. 45, pp. 165–172.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Newman, J. and Yeates, N. (2008), Social justice: Welfare, crime and society, Open University Press.Google Scholar
Patton, M.Q. (1990), Qualitative evaluation and research methods, SAGE Publications, inc.Google Scholar
Paul, J.D., Buytaert, W., Allen, S., Ballesteros-Cánovas, J.A., Bhusal, J., Cieslik, K., Clark, J., Dugar, S., Hannah, D.M., Stoffel, M., Dewulf, A., Dhital, M.R., Liu, W., Nayaval, J.L., Neupane, B., Schiller, A., Smith, P.J. and Supper, R. (2018), “Citizen science for hydrological risk reduction and resilience building”, Wiley interdisciplinary reviews. Water, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. n/a. http://doi.org/10.1002/wat2.1262CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Perrow, C. (1999), Normal accidents: Living with high risk technologies, Princeton university press.Google Scholar
Ramstad, I.S., Glesaaen, P.K. and Keitsch, M. (2020), “Participatory Disaster Risk Reduction in Developing Countries”, DS 101: Proceedings of NordDesign 2020, Lyngby, Denmark, 12th-14th August 2020, pp. 1–11.Google Scholar
Reddick, C. (2011), “Information technology and emergency management: preparedness and planning in US states”, Disasters, vol. 35, no. 1, pp. 45–61.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Robeyns, I. (2005), “The capability approach: a theoretical survey.”, Journal of human development, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 93–117.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schafer, W.A., Carroll, J.M., Haynes, S.R. and Abrams, S. (2008), “Emergency management planning as collaborative community work”, Journal of Homeland Security and Emergency Management, vol. 5, no. 1.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schafer, W.A., Ganoe, C.H. and Carroll, J.M. (2009), “Supporting community emergency management planning through a geocollaboration software architecture”, Learning in Communities Springer, pp. 225–258.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Selin, S.W., Pierskalla, C., Smaldone, D. and Robinson, K. (2007), “Social learning and building trust through a participatory design for natural resource planning”, Journal of Forestry, vol. 105, no. 8, pp. 421–425.Google Scholar
Star, S.L. and Strauss, A. (1999), “Layers of silence, arenas of voice: The ecology of visible and invisible work”, Computer supported cooperative work (CSCW), vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 9–30.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thaha, P. and Anas Ismail, F. (2021), “The framing of decision making support systems on increasing community resilience in disaster risk reduction efforts: a conceptual approach”, E3S web of conferences, vol. 331, pp. 4012. http://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202133104012CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Waugh, W.L. (2015), “Living with hazards, dealing with disasters: An introduction to emergency management” Routledge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar