Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-t7fkt Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-23T20:07:00.384Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Supporting circular economy strategies for design of sustainable mechatronic systems using MBSE

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  16 May 2024

Zvonimir Lipšinić*
Affiliation:
University of Zagreb Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, Croatia
Stephan Husung
Affiliation:
Technische Universität Ilmenau, Germany
Neven Pavković
Affiliation:
University of Zagreb Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, Croatia
Christian Weber
Affiliation:
Technische Universität Ilmenau, Germany

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

The paper investigates approaches for implementing circular economy strategies, such as designing mechatronic products for longer service life by replacing, upgrading, or remanufacturing subsystems. The research aims at applying MBSE to provide the necessary support for dealing with the complexity of these approaches. Requirements and challenges for the development of MBSE support in this context are examined. An example of an EV battery system model shows the benefits and challenges of comprehensive system modelling and traceability in the context of circular economy strategies.

Type
Systems Engineering and Design
Creative Commons
Creative Common License - CCCreative Common License - BYCreative Common License - NCCreative Common License - ND
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives licence (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is unaltered and is properly cited. The written permission of Cambridge University Press must be obtained for commercial re-use or in order to create a derivative work.
Copyright
The Author(s), 2024.

References

Alamerew, Y.A. and Brissaud, D. (2019), “Circular economy assessment tool for end of life product recovery strategies”, Journal of Remanufacturing, Vol. 9 No. 3, pp. 169185. https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13243-018-0064-8.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ariyo, O.O., Eckert, C.M. and Clarkson, P.J. (2008), “Hierarchical decompositions for complex product representation”, in Proceedings of DESIGN 2008, the 10th International Design Conference, Dubrovnik, Croatia.Google Scholar
Azevedo, K., Bras, B., Doshi, S. and Guldberg, T. (2009), “Modeling Sustainability of Complex Systems: A Multi-Scale Framework Using SysML”, in Proceedings of 29th Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. https://dx.doi.org/10.1115/DETC2009-87496.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barreras, J.V., Raj, T. and Howey, D.A. (2018), “Derating Strategies for Lithium-Ion Batteries in Electric Vehicles”, in Proceedings of IECON 2018 - 44th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society. https://dx.doi.org/10.1109/IECON.2018.8592901.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bocken, N. and Ritala, P. (2022), “Six ways to build circular business models”, Journal of Business Strategy, Vol. 43 No. 3, pp. 184192. https://dx.doi.org/10.1108/JBS-11-2020-0258.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Boothroyd, G. and Alting, L. (1992), “Design for Assembly and Disassembly”, CIRP Annals, Vol. 41 No. 2, pp. 625636. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0007-8506(07)63249-1.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bougain, S. and Gerhard, D. (2017), “Integrating Environmental Impacts with SysML in MBSE Methods”, Procedia CIRP, Vol. 61, pp. 715720. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/J.PROCIR.2016.11.196.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Browning, T.R. (2001), “Applying the design structure matrix to system decomposition and integration problems: a review and new directions”, IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, Vol. 48 No. 3, pp. 292306. https://dx.doi.org/10.1109/17.946528.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chierici, E. and Copani, G. (2016), “Remanufacturing with Upgrade PSS for New Sustainable Business Models”, Procedia CIRP, Vol. 47, pp. 531536. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.procir.2016.03.055.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dambietz, F.M., Rennpferdt, C., Hanna, M. and Krause, D. (2021), “Using MBSE for the Enhancement of Consistency and Continuity in Modular Product-Service-System Architectures”, Systems, Vol. 9 No. 3, p. 63. https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/systems9030063.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Eigner, M., Dickopf, T. and Apostolov, H. (2017), “System Lifecycle Management - An Approach for Developing Cybertronic Systems in Consideration of Sustainability Aspects”, Procedia CIRP, Vol. 61, pp. 128133. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/J.PROCIR.2016.11.210.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Eigner, M. and Zavareh, M.T. (2022), “Digitalization of the Engineering Supported by System Lifecycle Management (SysLM)”, in Product Lifecycle Management. Green and Blue Technologies to Support Smart and Sustainable Organizations, (Keine Angabe), Vol. 640, pp. 240254. https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-94399-8_18.Google Scholar
Faludi, J., Hoffenson, S., Kwok, S.Y., Saidani, M., Hallstedt, S.I., Telenko, C. and Martinez, V. (2020), “A Research Roadmap for Sustainable Design Methods and Tools”, Sustainability, Vol. 12 No. 19, p. 8174. https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/SU12198174.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Friedenthal, S. (2014), A Practical Guide to SysML: The Systems Modeling Language, The MK / OMG Press, 3rd ed., Elsevier Science, San Francisco. ISBN 978-0128002025.Google Scholar
Garetti, M. and Taisch, M. (2012), “Sustainable manufacturing: trends and research challenges”, Production Planning & Control, Vol. 23 No. 2-3, pp. 83104. https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09537287.2011.591619.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Geissdoerfer, M., Savaget, P., Bocken, N.M. and Hultink, E.J. (2017), “The Circular Economy – A new sustainability paradigm?”, Journal of Cleaner Production, Vol. 143, pp. 757768. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.12.048.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Halstenberg, F., Dönmez, J., Mennenga, M., Herrmann, C. and Stark, R. (2021), “Knowledge transfer and engineering methods for smart-circular product service systems”, Procedia CIRP, Vol. 100, pp. 379384. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.procir.2021.05.088.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Halstenberg, F.A., Lindow, K. and Stark, R. (2019), “Leveraging Circular Economy through a Methodology for Smart Service Systems Engineering”, Sustainability, Vol. 11 No. 13, p. 3517. https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11133517.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Höhne, G., Weber, C. and Husung, S. (2024), “Ilmenau's Contributions to Design Science”, Design Science, Vol. 10. https://dx.doi.org/10.1017/dsj.2023.33.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hove, D.T., Goknil, A., Kurtev, I., Berg, K.V.D. and Goede, K.D. (2009), “Change impact analysis for SysML requirements models based on semantics of trace relations”, in 5th ECMFA Traceability Workshop.Google Scholar
Husung, S., Weber, C., Mahboob, A. and Kleiner, S. (2021), “Using Model-Based Systems Engineering for Need-Based and Consistent Support of the Design Process”, in Proceedings of International Conference on Engineering Design (ICED21). https://dx.doi.org/10.1017/pds.2021.598.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Inkermann, D. (2022), “Potentials of integrating MBSE and LCA to handle uncertainties and variants in early design stages”, in Proceedings of 33rd Symposium Design for X (DFX2022). https://dx.doi.org/10.35199/dfx2022.19.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Albæk, Kamp, Shahbazi, J., McAloone, S., and Pigosso, T.C., D.C.A. (2020), “Circularity Evaluation of Alternative Concepts During Early Product Design and Development”, Sustainability, Vol. 12 No. 22, p. 9353. https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/SU12229353.Google Scholar
Klöpffer, W. and Grahl, B. (2014), Life Cycle Assessment (LCA): A Guide to Best Practice, Wiley. https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527655625. ISBN 9783527329861.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Korsunovs, A., Doikin, A., Campean, F., Kabir, S., Hernandez, E.M., Taggart, D., Parker, S. and Mills, G. (2022), “Towards a Model-Based Systems Engineering Approach for Robotic Manufacturing Process Modelling with Automatic FMEA Generation”, in Proceedings of 17th International Design Conference. https://dx.doi.org/10.1017/PDS.2022.193.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kwak, M. and Kim, H. (2013), “Exploring Opportunities to Improve Life Cycle Environmental Performance of a Complex Product”, in Smart Product Engineering, Lecture Notes in Production Engineering, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp. 735744. https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-30817-8_72.Google Scholar
Lee, C.-M., Woo, W.-S. and Roh, Y.-H. (2017), “Remanufacturing: Trends and issues”, International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing-Green Technology, Vol. 4 No. 1, pp. 113125. https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/S40684-017-0015-0.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lipšinić, Z. and Pavković, N. (2023), “Integrating life cycle assessment in model-based systems engineering”, Ilmenau. https://dx.doi.org/10.22032/dbt.58905.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McAloone, T.C. and Pigosso, D.C.A. (2017), “From Ecodesign to Sustainable Product/Service-Systems: A Journey Through Research Contributions over Recent Decades”, in Stark, R., Seliger, G. and Bonvoisin, J. (Eds.), Sustainable Manufacturing: Challenges, solutions and implementation perspectives, Springer, Cham, pp. 99111. https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48514-0_7.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mittal, S. and Rainey, L. (2015), “Harnessing Emergence: The Control and Design of Emergent Behavior in System of Systems Engineering”, in Proceedings of the Conference on Summer Computer Simulation, Society for Computer Simulation International, San Diego, CA, USA, pp. 110.Google Scholar
Morkevicius, A., Aleksandraviciene, A., Mazeika, D., Bisikirskiene, L. and Strolia, Z. (2017), “MBSE Grid: A Simplified SysML-Based Approach for Modeling Complex Systems”, in Proceedings of INCOSE International Symposium. https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.2334-5837.2017.00350.x.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mügge, J., Grosse Erdmann, J., Riedelsheimer, T., Manoury, M.M., Smolka, S.-O., Wichmann, S. and Lindow, K. (2023), “Empowering End-of-Life Vehicle Decision Making with Cross-Company Data Exchange and Data Sovereignty via Catena-X”, Sustainability, Vol. 15 No. 9. https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15097187.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nasr, N. and Thurston, M. (2006), “Re-manufacturing: a key enabler to sustainable product systems”, in Proceedings of 13th CIRP International Conference on Life Cycle Engineering, Leuven.Google Scholar
Nowakowski, P. (2018), “A novel, cost efficient identification method for disassembly planning of waste electrical and electronic equipment”, Journal of Cleaner Production, Vol. 172, pp. 26952707. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/J.JCLEPRO.2017.11.142.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
OMG (2021), SysML Extension for Physical Interaction and Signal Flow Simulation. OMG Specification.Google Scholar
Pohl, K., Hönninger, H., Achatz, R. and Broy, M. (2012), Model-Based Engineering of Embedded Systems, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-34614-9. ISBN 978-3-642-34613-2.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Potting, J., Hekkert, M., Worrell, E. and Hanemaaijer, A. (2017), Circular economy: Measuring innovation in the product chain. PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency (Report).Google Scholar
Preut, A., Kopka, J.-P. and Clausen, U. (2021), “Digital Twins for the Circular Economy”, Sustainability, Vol. 13 No. 18, p. 10467. https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su131810467.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rojek, I., Mikołajewski, D. and Dostatni, E. (2021), “Digital Twins in Product Lifecycle for Sustainability in Manufacturing and Maintenance”, Applied Sciences, Vol. 11 No. 1. https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/APP11010031.Google Scholar
Rossi, L., Leone, D., Barni, A. and Fontana, A. (2022), “Assessing the Sustainability of Industrial Equipment Life Extension Strategies through a Life Cycle Approach: Methodology and Practical Guidelines”, Processes, Vol. 10 No. 2, p. 203. https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr10020203.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sassanelli, C., Urbinati, A., Rosa, P., Chiaroni, D. and Terzi, S. (2020), “Addressing circular economy through design for X approaches: A systematic literature review”, Computers in Industry, Vol. 120, p. 103245. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/J.COMPIND.2020.103245.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Turner, C., Okorie, O., Emmanouilidis, C. and Oyekan, J. (2022), “Circular production and maintenance of automotive parts: An Internet of Things (IoT) data framework and practice review”, Computers in Industry, Vol. 136, p. 103593. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/J.COMPIND.2021.103593.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Valean, A., Wolff, C., Deloison, T., Ben Dror, M. and Ballweg, M. (2021), Paving the Way: EU Policy Action for Automotive Circularity. World Economic Forum (Report).Google Scholar
Weber, C. (2007), “Looking at “DFX” and “Product Maturity” from the Perspective of a New Approach to Modelling Product and Product Development Processes”, in The Future of Product Development, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp. 85104. https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-69820-3_11.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Weilkiens, T. (2016), Variant modeling with SysML, MBSE4U. ISBN 9783981787573.Google Scholar
Wennerblom, M., Explaining the BEV – Battery Electric Vehicle. Inmotion Technologies AB (Report).Google Scholar
Xia, T., Xi, L., Du, S., Xiao, L. and Pan, E. (2018), “Energy-Oriented Maintenance Decision-Making for Sustainable Manufacturing Based on Energy Saving Window”, Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering, Vol. 140 No. 5. https://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.4038996.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zerwas, T., Jacobs, G., Kowalski, J., Husung, S., Gerhard, D., Rumpe, B., Zeman, K., Vafaei, S., König, F. and Höpfner, G. (2022), “Model Signatures for the Integration of Simulation Models into System Models”, Systems, Vol. 10 No. 6, p. 199. https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/systems10060199.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhang, H., William, D. and Marsh, R. (2018), “Towards a model based asset deterioration framework represented by probabilistic relational models”, in Safety and Reliability – Safe Societies in a Changing World, CRC Press, London, pp. 671679. https://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781351174664-83.CrossRefGoogle Scholar