Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-8ctnn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-26T21:41:49.734Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

The relation between service and digital transition: implications for designers

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  16 May 2024

Teresa Monti*
Affiliation:
Politecnico di Torino, Italy
Samuele Colombo
Affiliation:
Politecnico di Torino, Italy
Francesca Montagna
Affiliation:
Politecnico di Torino, Italy
Gaetano Cascini
Affiliation:
Politecnico di Milano, Italy

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

Service and digital transitions create a range of solutions by combining their features and introducing both human and automated agents as intermediaries. The paper classifies non/digital product/service and explores how these transitions change user involvement. A model is proposed to assess the user's role with human (service) and automated (digital) intermediaries. Utilizing user journey phases, the model is applied to four case studies, revealing commonalities in transition occurrences. Evidence suggest a potential adoption in design identifying the key phases per each transitions.

Type
Design Organisation, Collaboration and Management
Creative Commons
Creative Common License - CCCreative Common License - BYCreative Common License - NCCreative Common License - ND
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives licence (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is unaltered and is properly cited. The written permission of Cambridge University Press must be obtained for commercial re-use or in order to create a derivative work.
Copyright
The Author(s), 2024.

References

Abernathy, W. J. and Utterback, J. M. (1975), "A dynamic model of process and product innovation", Omega, Vol. 3, No. 6, pp. 639656, https://doi.org/10.1016/0305-0483(75)90068-7Google Scholar
Ackoff, R.L. (1989), "From data to wisdom", Journal of applied systems analysis, Vol. 16, n. 1, pp. 39.Google Scholar
Almarashdeh, I. (2018), "The important of service quality and the trust in technology on users perspective to continues use of mobile service", Journal of theoretical and applied information technology, Vol. 96, No. 10, pp. 29542972Google Scholar
Altshuller, G. S. (1999), The innovation algorithm: TRIZ, systematic innovation and technical creativity, Worcester, MA: Technical innovation center.Google Scholar
Baheti, R., and Gill, H. (2011). Cyber-physical systems, The impact of control technology, IEEE Control System Society, vol. 12 n. 1, pp. 161166.Google Scholar
Baines, T.S., Lightfoot, H.W., Benedettini, O. and Kay, J.M. (2009). "The servitization of manufacturing: a review of literature and reflection on future challenges", Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management, Vol. 20, No.5, pp. 547567, https://doi.org/10.1108/17410380910960984CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cantamessa, M., Montagna, F., Altavilla, S., and Casagrande-Seretti, A. (2020), "Data-driven design: the new challenges of digitalisation on product design and development", Design Science, Vol. 6, No. 27, https://doi.org/10.1017/dsj.2020.25CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cascini, G. (2012). TRIZ-based anticipatory design of future products and processes. Journal of Integrated Design and Process Science, 16(3), 2963.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Colombo, S., Montagna, F., Cascini, G., and Palazzolo, V. F. (2022), "Digital artefacts and the role of digital affordance", Proceedings of the 17th International Design Conference, Dubrovnik, Croatia, May 23–26, 2022, Vol. 2, The Design Society, Glasgow, pp. 1120, https://doi.org/10.1017/pds.2022.2CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dourish, P. (2004), "What we talk about when we talk about context", Personal and ubiquitous computing, Vol.8, No. 1, pp. 1930, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00779-003-0253-8CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Engholm, I. (2010), "The good enough revolution—the role of aesthetics in user experiences with digital artefacts", Digital Creativity, Vol. 21, No. 3, pp. 141154. https://doi.org/10.1080/14626268.2010.488809CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Evenson, S., and Dubberly, H. (2010), "Designing for service: Creating an experience advantage", In: Salvendy, G. and Karwowski, W. (Eds.), Introduction to service engineering, pp. 403413, https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470569627.ch19Google Scholar
Fogg, B. J. (2003). Persuasive Technology: Using Computers to Change What We Think and Do. Morgan Kaufman Publisher Incx., San Francisco, CA, US.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gero, J., Kannengiesser, U. (2003). Function-Behavior-Structure: A model for social situated agents. Workshop on Cognitive Modeling of Agents and Multi-Agent Interactions, International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, 101, 107.Google Scholar
Ghajargar, M., De Marco, A., and Montagna, F. (2017). "Wise things: When smart objects stimulate reflection". Proceedings of 11th International Conference on Interfaces and Human Computer Interaction, Lisbon, Portugal, 21–23 July, 2017, Vol.1, pp. 233238Google Scholar
Goedkoop, M. J., Van Halen, C. J., Te Riele, H. R., and Rommens, P. J. (1999), Product service systems, ecological and economic basics. Report for Dutch Ministries of environment (VROM) and economic affairs (EZ), Vol. 36, No. 1, pp. 1122,Google Scholar
Halvorsrud, R., Kvale, K., and Følstad, A. (2016), "Improving service quality through customer journey analysis". Journal of service theory and practice, Vol. 26 No. 6, 840867, https://doi.org/10.1108/JSTP-05-2015-0111CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Han, S., Lee, S. and Pena-Mora, F. (2012). "Identification and Quantification of Non-Value-Adding Effort from Errors and Changes in Design and Construction Projects", Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, Vol. 138 No. 1, pp. 98109, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CO.1943-7862.0000406.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hill, T. P. (1977), "On goods and services". Review of income and wealth, Vol. 23 No. 4, pp. 315338. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4991.1977.tb00021.xCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Iuskevich, I., Hein, A.-M., Amokrane-Ferka, K., Doufene, A., and Jankovic, M. (2021), "A Data-Driven Approach to User-Experience-Focused Model-Based Roadmapping for New Product Planning", in Proceedings of the International Conference on Engineering Design (ICED21), Gothenburg, Sweden, 16–20 August 2021. https://doi.org/10.1017/pds.2021.7CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jackson, R. W., Neidell, L. A., and Lunsford, D. A. (1995), "An empirical investigation of the differences in goods and services as perceived by organizational buyers". Industrial Marketing Management, Vol. 24 No. 2, pp. 99108. https://doi.org/10.1016/0019-8501(94)00037-WCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jacob, F., and Ulaga, W. (2008), "The transition from product to service in business markets: An agenda for academic inquiry". Industrial marketing management, Vol. 37 No. 3, pp. 247253, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2007.09.009CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kallinikos, J. A. (2013), "The Ambivalent Ontology of Digital Artefacts". MIS Quarterly, pp. 357370.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kim, E., Chung, J., Beckman, S. and Agogino, A.M. (2016), "Design Roadmapping: A Framework and Case Study on Planning Development of High-Tech Products in Silicon Valley", Journal of Mechanical Design, American Society of Mechanical Engineers Digital Collection, Vol. 138 No. 10 http://doi.org/10.1115/1.4034221Google Scholar
Kim, Y., and Hong, Y. (2012), Interaction model for products and services using affordance. Proceedings of the ASME Computer and Information in Engineering Conference, Chicago, Illinois, 12–15 August, 2012, Vol. 2, No. 32, pp. 645652. https://doi.org/10.1115/DETC2012-71110CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kotler, P., Armstrong, G., Brown, L. and Adam, S. (2006), Marketing, Macquarie Graduate School of ManagementGoogle Scholar
Kowalkowski, C., Kindström, D., and Gebauer, H. (2013), "ICT as a catalyst for service business orientation". Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing. Vol. 28 No. 6., pp. 506513. 10.1108/JBIM-04-2013-0096CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lee, E. A. (2015), "The past, present and future of cyber-physical systems: A focus on models". Sensors, Vol. 15 No. 3, pp. 48374869, https://doi.org/10.3390/s150304837CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lemon, K. N., and Verhoef, P. C. (2016), "Understanding Customer Experience Throughout the Customer Journey", Journal of Marketing, Vol. 80, No. 6, pp. 6996. https://doi.org/10.1509/jm.15.0420CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lovelock, C., and Gummesson, E. (2004). "Whither services marketing? In search of a new paradigm and fresh perspectives", Journal of service research, Vol. 7 No. 1, pp. 2041. https://doi.org/10.1177/1094670504266131CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Norman, D.A. (1988) The psychology of everyday things. Basic BookGoogle Scholar
Pakkala, D., and Spohrer, J. (2019). Digital service: technological agency in service systems. Proceedings of the 52nd Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Patton, J. (2012). User Story Mapping: Discover the Whole Story, Build the Right Product. O‘Reilly & Associates, Sebastopol, UkraineGoogle Scholar
Prahalad, C.K. and Ramaswamy, V. (2004). The Future of Competition: Co-creating Unique Value with Customers. Harvard Business School Pres. Boston, MA.Google Scholar
Quah, D. (2003). Digital Goods and the New Economy. Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=410604Google Scholar
Rayna, T. (2008). "Understanding the Challenges of the Digital Economy: The Nature of Digital Goods". Communications & Strategies, No. 71, pp. 1316, 3rd Quarter 2008, Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=1353583Google Scholar
Saarikko, T., Westergren, U.H. and Blomquist, T. (2020). "Digital transformation: Five recommendations for the digitally conscious firm", Business Horizon, Vol. 63 No. 6, pp. 825839, 10.1016/j.bushor.2020.07.005CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sandström, S., Edvardsson, B., Kristensson, P. and Magnusson, P. (2008), "Value in use through service experience", Managing Service Quality: An International Journal, Vol. 18 No. 2, pp. 112126. https://doi.org/10.1108/09604520810859184CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schön, D. (1983). The reflective practitioner: how professionals think in action. Basic Books, NY.Google Scholar
Valencia, A., Mugge, R., Schoormans, J., and Schifferstein, H. (2015). The design of smart product-service systems (PSSs): An exploration of design characteristics. International Journal of Design, 9(1). https://www.ijdesign.org/index.php/IJDesign/article/view/1740Google Scholar
Vargo, S. L., and Lusch, R. F. (2004). "Evolving to a new dominant logic for marketing". Journal of marketing, Vol. 68 No. 1, pp. 117 10.1509/jmkg.68.1.1.24036CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vitali, I, Arquilla, V. and Tolino, U. (2017), "A Design perspective for IoT products. A case study of the Design of a Smart Product and a Smart Company following a crowdfunding campaign", The Design Journal, Vol. 20 No. sup1, pp. S2592S2604, https://doi.org/10.1080/14606925.2017.1352770CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wallas, M. (2006). "Extended producer responsibility and product design: Economic theory and selected case studies", RFF Discussion Paper (06-08), https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.901661CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ward, Y., and Graves, A. (2005). "Through-life management: the provision of integrated customer solutions by aerospace manufacturers", Working Paper Series, University of Bath School of Management, 14.Google Scholar
Zeithaml, V. A. (1981). "How consumer evaluation processes differ between goods and services", Marketing of services, Vol. 9 No. 1, pp. 2532.Google Scholar