Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-2plfb Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-25T06:28:47.287Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Factors Influencing the Exterior Design of Autonomous Passenger Drones: Literature Review

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  26 May 2022

K. M. Chaturmutha  and
D. J. Mathew
K. M. Chaturmutha*
Affiliation:
Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, India
D. J. Mathew
Affiliation:
Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, India
*
[email protected]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

Electric vertical take-off and landing aircraft (eVTOLs) have been accessed on various configurations over the past decade. This literature review deals with the issue of determining the appropriate design for an Autonomous Passenger Drone (APD). APDs have been compared with VTOLs on their pros and cons. The authors analysed aerodynamics and propulsion systems of multiple APDs. Further, the comparative analysis aids in designing the best framework for the exterior form of APDs based on human capacity, flying technology, fuel type, travel distance, door type, size, material, safety, cost, etc.

Keywords

autonomous vehiclesenergy efficiencyevolutionary designdesign reviewdesign analysis
Type
Article
Information
Proceedings of the Design Society , Volume 2: DESIGN2022 , May 2022 , pp. 2087 - 2096
Creative Commons
Creative Common License - CCCreative Common License - BYCreative Common License - NCCreative Common License - ND
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives licence (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is unaltered and is properly cited. The written permission of Cambridge University Press must be obtained for commercial re-use or in order to create a derivative work.
Copyright
The Author(s), 2022.

References

“About ICAO”. (n.d.). , available at: https://www.icao.int/about-icao/Pages/default.aspx (accessed 21 October 2021).Google Scholar
“Air Taxis Are Safe”. (n.d.). , available at: https://spectrum.ieee.org/air-taxis-are-safe-according-to-the-manufacturers (accessed 24 October 2021).Google Scholar
“Archer”. (n.d.). , available at: https://www.theverge.com/2021/6/11/22529534/archer-maker-air-taxi-evtol-reveal-specs (accessed 29 October 2021).Google Scholar
Ayamga, M., Akaba, S. and Apotele, A. (2021), “Technological Forecasting & Social Change Multifaceted applicability of drones: A review”, Technological Forecasting & Social Change, Elsevier Inc., Vol. 167 No. February, p. 120677.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bacchini, A. (2019), “Electric VTOL Configurations Comparison”, available at:10.3390/aerospace6030026.Google Scholar
Bauranov, A. and Rakas, J. (2021), “Progress in Aerospace Sciences Designing airspace for urban air mobility: A review of concepts and approaches”, Progress in Aerospace Sciences, Elsevier Ltd, Vol. 125, p. 100726.Google Scholar
BLADE. (2021), “Fly the Future Today - BLADE”, available at: https://www.blade.com/ (accessed 21 October 2021).Google Scholar
“Community Air Mobility Initiative”. (n.d.). , available at: https://www.communityairmobility.org/uam101 (accessed 25 October 2021).Google Scholar
Company, M.&. (2020), “The global electric-vehicle market is amped up and on the rise | McKinsey”, available at: https://www.mckinsey. com /industries/automotive-and-assembly/our-insights/the-global-electric-vehicle-market-is-amped-up-and-on-the-rise.Google Scholar
“EHang 216”. (n.d.). , available at: https://evtol.news/ehang-216/ (accessed 25 October 2021).Google Scholar
“eVTOL Classifications”. (n.d.). , available at: https://evtol.news/classifications (accessed 25 October 2021).Google Scholar
Garrow, L.A., German, B.J. and Leonard, C.E. (2021), “Urban air mobility: A comprehensive review and comparative analysis with autonomous and electric ground transportation for informing future research”, Transportation Research Part C, Elsevier Ltd, Vol. 132 No. August, p. 103377.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hasan, S. (2019), “Urban Air Mobility (UAM) Market Study”, Demand for Emerging Transportation Systems, No. November 2018, pp. 267–284.Google Scholar
“Helicopters - Airbus”. (n.d.). , available at: https://www.airbus.com/helicopters.html (accessed 21 October 2021).Google Scholar
Horváth. (n.d.). “Studies - Horváth”, available at: https://www.horvath-partners.com/en/media-center/studies/ (accessed 21 October 2021).Google Scholar
ICAO. (2020), “ICAO Unmanned Aviation Bulletin”, Vol. 2020/1, pp. 1–2.Google Scholar
“Introducing Uber Copter | Uber Blog”. (n.d.). , available at: https://www.uber.com/blog/new-york-city/uber-copter/ (accessed 21 October 2021).Google Scholar
Joerss, M., Neuhaus, F., Klink, C. and Mann, F. (2016), “Parcel delivery The future of last mile”, No. September.Google Scholar
Johnson, T., Riedel, R., Sahdev, S. (n.d.). “To take off, flying vehicles first need places to land | McKinsey”, available at: https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/automotive-and-assembly/our-insights/to-take-off-flying-vehicles-first-need-places-to-land (accessed 21 October 2021).Google Scholar
Kellermann, R., Biehle, T. and Fischer, L. (2020), “Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives Drones for parcel and passenger transportation: A literature review ⋆”, Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives, The Author(s), Vol. 4, p. 100088.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kitonsa, H. (2018), “Drone technology for last-mile delivery in Russia: a tool to develop local markets”, Vol. 4 No. 2, pp. 51–58.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
“Kitty Hawk”. (n.d.). , available at: https://kittyhawk.aero/ (accessed 25 October 2021).Google Scholar
“Lilium and ABB”. (n.d.). , available at: https://newatlas.com/aircraft/lilium-abb-megawatt-evtol-ultra-charging/ (accessed 25 October 2021).Google Scholar
Mayor, T. and Anderson, J. (2019), “Getting mobility off the ground”, p. 12.Google Scholar
NASA and Booz Allen Hamilton. (2018), “UAM Market Study - Technical Out Brief”, p. 445.Google Scholar
Kundu, Pijush K., Cohen, Ira M., Dowling, David R.. (2012), Aerodynamics, 5th ed., Academic Press, available at:10.1016/B978-0-12-382100-3.10014-9.Google Scholar
Rajendran, S. and Srinivas, S. (2020), “Air taxi service for urban mobility: A critical review of recent developments , future challenges , and opportunities”, Transportation Research Part E, Elsevier Ltd, Vol. 143 No. September, p. 102090.Google Scholar
“Sensors Used In Autonomous Vehicles”. (n.d.). , available at: https://levelfivesupplies.com/sensors-used-in-autonomous-vehicles/ (accessed 25 October 2021).Google Scholar
Space, I. (2005), “Aerodynamics”, available at:10.1016/B978-0-12-811118-5.00011-4.Google Scholar
Thipphavong, D.P., Apaza, R.D., Barmore, B.E., Battiste, V., Belcastro, C.M., Barbara, K., Dao, Q. V, et al. . (2018), “Urban Air Mobility Airspace Integration Concepts and Considerations”, available at:10.2514/6.2018-3676.Google Scholar
“UAV Deployed Sensors”. (n.d.). , available at: https://www.mtu.edu/mtri/research/project-areas/transportation/sensors-platforms/uav-deployed-sensors/ (accessed 25 October 2021).Google Scholar
Vascik, P.D. and Hansman, R.J. (2017), “Constraint Identification in On-Demand Mobility for aviation through an exploratory case study of Los Angeles”, No. June, available at:10.2514/6.2017-3083..Report.Google Scholar
Velan, Y. and Musica, . (2017), “Cost Effective Design and Development of Manned Drone”, First International Conference on Recent Advances in Aerospace Engineering (ICRAAE) Cost, pp. 1–5.Google Scholar
“Vinata”. (n.d.). , available at: https://vinataeromobility.com/flying-car/ (accessed 29 October 2021).Google Scholar
“Why Airplanes Have Winglets”. (n.d.). , available at: https://www.businessinsider.com/boeing-airplanes-winglets-explain-nasa-2017-7?IR=T (accessed 30 October 2021).Google Scholar
“Wisk Cora”. (n.d.). , available at: https://evtol.news/kitty-hawk-cora/ (accessed 25 October 2021).Google Scholar