Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-t8hqh Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-24T07:41:01.409Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Effect of Heat Treatment on the Hardness of Unconventional Geometrical Features for Laser Powder Bed Fused AlSi10Mg

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  26 May 2022

L. Strauß
Affiliation:
Universität der Bundeswehr München, Germany
J. Montero
Affiliation:
Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
S. Weber*
Affiliation:
Universität der Bundeswehr München, Germany
S. Brenner
Affiliation:
Universität der Bundeswehr München, Germany
P. Höfer
Affiliation:
Universität der Bundeswehr München, Germany
K. Paetzold
Affiliation:
Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
G. Löwisch
Affiliation:
Universität der Bundeswehr München, Germany

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

The adoption of Design for Additive Manufacturing (DfAM) practices brought new industrial components embedding unconventional shapes such as lattice structures or freeform surfaces resulting from topological optimisations. As a drawback of design freedom, designers need to use thermal post-processing to achieve homogeneous properties in metal 3D printing. This contribution analyses the effect of T6-like heat treatment on the hardness of a complex component. Hardness values are reported along with good design practices for effective thermal post-processing to complement the DfAM knowledge base.

Type
Article
Creative Commons
Creative Common License - CCCreative Common License - BYCreative Common License - NCCreative Common License - ND
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives licence (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is unaltered and is properly cited. The written permission of Cambridge University Press must be obtained for commercial re-use or in order to create a derivative work.
Copyright
The Author(s), 2022.

References

Aboulkhair, N.T., Maskery, I., Tuck, C., Ashcroft, I. and Everitt, N.M. (2016), “The microstructure and mechanical properties of selectively laser melted AlSi10Mg: The effect of a conventional T6-like heat treatment”, Materials Science and Engineering: A, Vol. 667, pp. 139146, 10.1016/j.msea.2016.04.092.Google Scholar
Brackett, D., Ashcroft, I. and Hague, R. (2011), “Topology optimization for additive manufacturing”, 2011 International Solid Freeform Fabrication Symposium, University of Texas at Austin.Google Scholar
Casati, R., Hamidi Nasab, M., Coduri, M., Tirelli, V. and Vedani, M. (2018), “Effects of Platform Pre-Heating and Thermal-Treatment Strategies on Properties of AlSi10Mg Alloy Processed by Selective Laser Melting”, Metals, Vol. 8 No. 11, p. 954, 10.3390/met8110954.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cheng, L., Liang, X., Bai, J., Chen, Q., Lemon, J. and To, A. (2019), “On utilizing topology optimization to design support structure to prevent residual stress induced build failure in laser powder bed metal additive manufacturing”, Additive Manufacturing, Elsevier, Vol. 27, pp. 290304.Google Scholar
Cloots, M., Spierings, A. and Wegener, K. (2013), “Assessing new support minimizing strategies for the additive manufacturing technology SLM”, Solid Freeform Fabrication Symposium (SFF), Austin, TX, pp. 1214.Google Scholar
Fiocchi, J., Tuissi, A., Bassani, P. and Biffi, C.A. (2017), “Low temperature annealing dedicated to AlSi10Mg selective laser melting products”, Journal of Alloys and Compounds, Vol. 695, pp. 34023409, 10.1016/j.jallcom.2016.12.019.Google Scholar
Giovagnoli, M., Tocci, M., Fortini, A., Merlin, M., Ferroni, M., Migliori, A. and Pola, A. (2021), “Effect of different heat-treatment routes on the impact properties of an additively manufactured AlSi10Mg alloy”, Materials Science and Engineering: A, Vol. 802, p. 140671, 10.1016/j.msea.2020.140671.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kirchheim, A., Dennig, H.-J. and Zumofen, L. (2017), “Why education and training in the field of additive manufacturing is a necessity”, International Conference on Additive Manufacturing in Products and Applications, Springer, pp. 329336.Google Scholar
Kok, Y., Tan, X.P., Wang, P., Nai, M.L.S., Loh, N.H., Liu, E. and Tor, S.B. (2018), “Anisotropy and heterogeneity of microstructure and mechanical properties in metal additive manufacturing: A critical review”, Materials & Design, Vol. 139, pp. 565586, 10.1016/j.matdes.2017.11.021.Google Scholar
Li, W., Li, S., Liu, J., Zhang, A., Zhou, Y., Wei, Q., Yan, C., et al. . (2016), “Effect of heat treatment on AlSi10Mg alloy fabricated by selective laser melting: Microstructure evolution, mechanical properties and fracture mechanism”, Materials Science and Engineering: A, Vol. 663, pp. 116125, 10.1016/j.msea.2016.03.088.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Liu, M., Takata, N., Suzuki, A. and Kobashi, M. (2020a), “Development of gradient microstructure in the lattice structure of AlSi10Mg alloy fabricated by selective laser melting”, Journal of Materials Science & Technology, Vol. 36, pp. 106117, 10.1016/j.jmst.2019.06.015.Google Scholar
Liu, M., Takata, N., Suzuki, A. and Kobashi, M. (2020b), “Effect of Heat Treatment on Gradient Microstructure of AlSi10Mg Lattice Structure Manufactured by Laser Powder Bed Fusion”, Materials, Vol. 13 No. 11, p. 2487, 10.3390/ma13112487.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Majeed, A., Lv, J., Zhang, Y., Muzamil, M., Waqas, A., Shamim, K., Qureshi, M.E., et al. . (2019), “An investigation into the influence of processing parameters on the surface quality of AlSi10Mg parts by SLM process”, 2019 16th International Bhurban Conference on Applied Sciences and Technology (IBCAST), presented at the 2019 16th International Bhurban Conference on Applied Sciences and Technology (IBCAST - 2019), IEEE, Islamabad, Pakistan, pp. 143147, 10.1109/IBCAST.2019.8667175.Google Scholar
Montero, J., Weber, S., Bleckmann, M. and Paetzold, K. (2020), “A methodology for the decentralised design and production of additive manufactured spare parts”, Production & Manufacturing Research, Vol. 8 No. 1, pp. 313334, 10.1080/21693277.2020.1790437.Google Scholar
Moustafa, M.A., Samuel, F.H. and Doty, H.W. (2003), “Effect of solution heat treatment and additives on the microstructure of Al-Si (A413.1) automotive alloys”, Journal of Materials Science, Vol. 38 No. 22, pp. 45074522, 10.1023/A:1027333602276.Google Scholar
Read, N., Wang, W., Essa, K. and Attallah, M.M. (2015), “Selective laser melting of AlSi10Mg alloy: Process optimisation and mechanical properties development”, Materials & Design (1980–2015), Vol. 65, pp. 417424, 10.1016/j.matdes.2014.09.044.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rosenthal, I., Shneck, R. and Stern, A. (2018), “Heat treatment effect on the mechanical properties and fracture mechanism in AlSi10Mg fabricated by additive manufacturing selective laser melting process”, Materials Science and Engineering: A, Vol. 729, pp. 310322, 10.1016/j.msea.2018.05.074.Google Scholar
Schmitt, M., Kempter, B., Schlick, G. and Reinhart, G. (2020), “Parameter identification approach for support structures in laser powder bed fusion and analysis of influencing factors”, Procedia CIRP, Vol. 94, pp. 260265, 10.1016/j.procir.2020.09.049.Google Scholar
Schuch, M., Hahn, T. and Bleckmann, M. (2021), “The mechanical behavior and microstructure of additively manufactured AlSi10Mg for different material states and loading conditions”, Materials Science and Engineering: A, Vol. 813, p. 141134, 10.1016/j.msea.2021.141134.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sjölander, E. and Seifeddine, S. (2010), “The heat treatment of Al–Si–Cu–Mg casting alloys”, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, Vol. 210 No. 10, pp. 12491259, 10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2010.03.020.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tang, M. and Pistorius, P.C. (2017), “Oxides, porosity and fatigue performance of AlSi10Mg parts produced by selective laser melting”, International Journal of Fatigue, Elsevier, Vol. 94, pp. 192201.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thompson, M.K., Moroni, G., Vaneker, T., Fadel, G., Campbell, R.I., Gibson, I., Bernard, A., et al. . (2016), “Design for Additive Manufacturing: Trends, opportunities, considerations, and constraints”, CIRP Annals, Vol. 65 No. 2, pp. 737760, 10.1016/j.cirp.2016.05.004.Google Scholar
Vaneker, T., Bernard, A., Moroni, G., Gibson, I. and Zhang, Y. (2020), “Design for additive manufacturing: Framework and methodology”, CIRP Annals, Elsevier, Vol. 69 No. 2, pp. 578599.Google Scholar
Wu, H., Ren, Y., Ren, J., Liang, L., Li, R., Fang, Q., Cai, A., et al. . (2021), “Selective laser melted AlSi10Mg alloy under melting mode transition: Microstructure evolution, nanomechanical behaviors and tensile properties”, Journal of Alloys and Compounds, Vol. 873, p. 159823, 10.1016/j.jallcom.2021.159823.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yan, Q., Song, B. and Shi, Y. (2020), “Comparative study of performance comparison of AlSi10Mg alloy prepared by selective laser melting and casting”, Journal of Materials Science & Technology, Vol. 41, pp. 199208, 10.1016/j.jmst.2019.08.049.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhang, X.X., Lutz, A., Andrä, H., Lahres, M., Gan, W.M., Maawad, E. and Emmelmann, C. (2021), “Evolution of microscopic strains, stresses, and dislocation density during in-situ tensile loading of additively manufactured AlSi10Mg alloy”, International Journal of Plasticity, Vol. 139, p. 102946, 10.1016/j.ijplas.2021.102946.Google Scholar
Zhou, L., Mehta, A., Schulz, E., McWilliams, B., Cho, K. and Sohn, Y. (2018), “Microstructure, precipitates and hardness of selectively laser melted AlSi10Mg alloy before and after heat treatment”, Materials Characterization, Vol. 143, pp. 517, 10.1016/j.matchar.2018.04.022.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhuo, L., Wang, Z., Zhang, H., Yin, E., Wang, Y., Xu, T. and Li, C. (2019), “Effect of post-process heat treatment on microstructure and properties of selective laser melted AlSi10Mg alloy”, Materials Letters, Vol. 234, pp. 196200, 10.1016/j.matlet.2018.09.109.CrossRefGoogle Scholar