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Stack-Ammoniation of Mature Forages using Ammonium Salts. The AGRI-AM Process

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  21 November 2017

V. C. Mason ,
J. E. Cook ,
T. Smith ,
J. W. Siviter ,
A. S. Keene  and
R. D. Hartley
V. C. Mason
Affiliation:
Animal and Grassland Research Institute, Hurley, Maidenhead, Berkshire SL6 5LR, UK
J. E. Cook
Affiliation:
Animal and Grassland Research Institute, Hurley, Maidenhead, Berkshire SL6 5LR, UK
T. Smith
Affiliation:
Animal and Grassland Research Institute, Hurley, Maidenhead, Berkshire SL6 5LR, UK
J. W. Siviter
Affiliation:
Animal and Grassland Research Institute, Hurley, Maidenhead, Berkshire SL6 5LR, UK
A. S. Keene
Affiliation:
Animal and Grassland Research Institute, Hurley, Maidenhead, Berkshire SL6 5LR, UK
R. D. Hartley
Affiliation:
Animal and Grassland Research Institute, Hurley, Maidenhead, Berkshire SL6 5LR, UK
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Extract

In many regions, ammoniation of straw is hindered by the cost or non-availability of anhydrous or aqueous ammonia and by poor upgrading responses with urea. Ammonium salts constitute a safe, alternative source of ammonia. In vitro studies have shown that ammonia produced by heating ammonium ‘carbonate’ (mixture of the carbamate and bicarbonate) or bicarbonate to 90°C for 15 h with water produced improvements in the digestibility of straw which were similar to those achieved with aqueous ammonia. Under identical conditions ammonium sulphate gave a similar response only when reacted with a stoichiometric excess of quicklime (CaO) or slaked lime (Ca(OH)2 ) and water to produce ammonia. When the straw was treated at 20°C for 35 d, upgrading was achieved only when the volatile or non-volatile ammonium salts were mixed with an excess of CaO or Ca(OH)2 plus water.

Type
Straw processing and feeding
Information
Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Production (1972) , Volume 1986 , March 1986 , pp. 10
Copyright
Copyright © The British Society of Animal Production 1986

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