Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-fscjk Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-18T15:14:25.619Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Post-Conflict Transition and Sustainability in Kosovo: Establishing Primary Healthcare-Based Antenatal Care

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 June 2012

Fay F. Homan ,
Cristina S. Hammond ,
Ellen F. Thompson ,
Donald O. Kollisch  and
James C. Strickler
Fay F. Homan*
Affiliation:
Department of Community and Family Medicine, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
Cristina S. Hammond
Affiliation:
Department of Community and Family Medicine, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
Ellen F. Thompson
Affiliation:
Office of Care Management, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
Donald O. Kollisch
Affiliation:
Department of Community Health and Social Medicine, Sophie Davis School of Biomedical Education at The City College of New York, New York, New York, USA
James C. Strickler
Affiliation:
Departments of Medicine and Community and Family Medicine, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
*
Little Rivers Healthcare65 Main StreetWells River, Vermont 05081USA E-mail: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Introduction:

Kosovo is a post-conflict nation with an extensively damaged infrastructure, a weak primary care base, and poor maternal-child health outcomes. The Kosovo-Dartmouth Alliance for Healthy Newborns (the Alliance) sought to improve maternal and neonatal health in Kosovo by providing family medicine-based antenatal care (ANC).

Methods:

The ANC Program used a modification of the World Health Organization's four-visit, prenatal care model. The program is based in family medicine and requires minimal medical equipment, such as a blood pressure cuff, fetal doppler, measuring tape, urine dipstick, and charting materials. Patient education and counseling are stressed. Women are taught about danger signs in pregnancy and establishing an emergency plan, so that they can respond promptly if complications occur. Antenatal care doctors and nurses are trained to refer women to obstetricians for deviations from normal pregnancy. The providers are taught using a “Training of Trainers” approach, building on an existing system of family medicine trainers. In order to address challenges in implementation and sustainability, microsystems methodology is used to focus on implementing change and assuring quality improvement through shared decision-making and the study of outcomes.

Results:

Based on chart reviews and direct observation, ANC providers showed mastery of the components of ANC, including physical examination, recognition and referral of high-risk pregnancies, and patient education. After an initial pilot project, Kosovo's Ministry of Health recommended this program for dissemination throughout the country. During the next year, ANC was implemented at 27 Family Medicine Centers in nine municipalities; 1,671 women were seen for a total of 3,399 visits. Currently, the Alliance's model of ANC is offered in 30% of Kosovo's municipalities.

Discussion:

International aid projects often lack attention to long-term sustainability. Microsystems training gives participants the tools and framework to implement and sustain change, even after international support is withdrawn.

Conclusions:

The Alliance's model of family medicine-based ANC is simple to teach and emphasizes sustainability. It may be modified for use in different cultures and healthcare systems and offers the opportunity to improve maternal and infant health by providing low cost antenatal care, available in a woman's own community.

Keywords

antenatal carefamily medicineimplementationinternational healthKosovomicrosystemspost-conflictprimary healthcaretransition
Type
Original Research
Information
Prehospital and Disaster Medicine , Volume 25 , Issue 1 , February 2010 , pp. 28 - 33
Copyright
Copyright © World Association for Disaster and Emergency Medicine 2010

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1.Hedley, R, Maxhuni, B: Development of family medicine in Kosovo. BMJ 2005;331(7510):201–203.Google Scholar
2.Sejdiu, P, Vuori, H: Health Policy for Kosovo. Pristina, Kosovo: Department of Health and Social Welfare, Joint Interim Administration Structure, United Nations Mission in Kosovo, 2001.Google Scholar
3.Figueras, J, McKee, M, Cain, J, Lessof, S (eds): Health Systems in Transition. World Health Organization-European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies, 2004. Available at http://www.euro.who.int/observatory/Publications/20040720_2. Accessed 13 February 2009.Google Scholar
4.Buwa, D, Vuori, H: Rebuilding a health care system: War, reconstruction and health care reforms in Kosovo. Eur J Public Health 2007;17(2):2–226.Google Scholar
5.Perinatal situation in Kosovo for 2000-2006: Ministry of Health, Kosovo Mother and Child Health Committee, Kosovo Gynecology and Obstetric Association, Kosovo Pediatric Association, National Institute of Public Health, UNICEF-Kosovo Office, World Health Organization, UNFPA. Pristina, Kosovo: World Health Organization Office in Pristina, 2007.Google Scholar
6.Thompson, E, Harding, AL, Pond, F, et, al: A partnership to improve health care in Kosovo: Dartmouth Medical School and Kosovar nurses worked together on a two-year project to rebuild primary health care in the post conflict city of Gjilan. Am J Nurs 2006;106:72CC–DD,72FF,72HH.Google Scholar
7.Little, GA, Hammond, CS: International Perspectives: The Kosovo-Dartmouth Alliance for Healthy Newborns. NeoReviews 2008;9:e233–e241.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
8.Madon, T, Hofman, KJ, Kupfer, L, Gass, RI: Public health: Implementation science. Science 2007;318(5857):1728–1729.Google Scholar
9.Nelson, E, Batalden, P, Godfrey, M: Quality by Design: A Clinical Microsystems Approach. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 2007.Google Scholar
10.Godfrey, M, Nelson, E, Batalden, P: Clinical Microsystem Action Guide: Improving Health Care by Improving your Microsystem. Hanover, NH: Trustees of Dartmouth College; 2004.Google Scholar
11.United Nations Interim Administration in Kosovo: Kosovo in April 2007. Available at http://www.unmikonline.org/docs/2007/Fact_Sheet_apr_2007.pdf. Accessed 13 February 2009.Google Scholar
12.Villar, J, Ba'aqeel, H, Piaggio, G, et al. : World Health Organization antenatal care randomised trial for the evaluation of a new model of routine antenatal care. Lancet 2001;357(9268):1551–1564.Google Scholar
13.Carroli, G, Villar, J, Piaggio, G, Khan-Neelofur, D, Gülmezoglu, M, Mugford, M, Lumbiganon, P, Farnot, U, Bersgjø, P, World Health Organization Antenatal Care Trial Research Group. World Health Organization systematic review of randomised controlled trials of routine antenatal care. Lancet 2001;357(9268):1565–1570.Google Scholar
14.Arthur, Ashe: The official website of Arthur Ashe: Quotes. Available at http://www.cmgww.com/sports/ashe/quotes.htm. Accessed 13 February 2009.Google Scholar