Abstract
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IntroductionMethanol poisoning is an uncommon medical emergency linked with consumption of traditional brews made with methanol and formalin and associated with high-mortality rates.
ObjectivesHealthcare workers will review the latest worldwide trends of methanol poisoning cases, explain the factors perpetuating methanol poisoning in Kenya, describe the pathophysiological concepts associated with methanol intoxication, and discuss the latest measures to combat methanol poisoning in Kenya and their worldwide applicability.
BackgroundMethanol intoxication is an acute illness resulting from consumption of toxic quantities of methanol. The largest tragedy occurred in September 2006 in Nicaragua. A total of 800 fell ill, 46 were killed. In the US, the last incidence was in 1951. Cases were reported in Africa, Tunisia, Tanzania, Uganda, but Kenya, it runs the most rampant. The majority of victims (79%) are young males, (22–30 years of age). Most are single, childless, and have a low-educational status. Motivating factors for intoxication include stress, idleness, peer-pressure, availability of alcohol, and curiosity.
PathophysiologyToxicity results from liver enzymatic metabolism of methanol to formaldehyde and formic acid causing severe metabolic acidosis. Common features include inebriation, abdominal pains, bilateral blindness, and complications, including severe renal failure and death. The goals of management include comprehensive assessment, laboratory works, and radiography. Ethanol, fomepizole, and folate are the all-important antidotes.
Recommended MeasuresKenyatta National Hospital, the main recipient of these emergencies established emergency measures other than public awareness campaigns. Nationally, policies embrace an inter-sectoral Approach - Medical Services and Public Health Ministries will avail resources and build health worker capacity in research and continuous education. Recently, local brews were legalized through the Alcoholic Drinks Control Act 2010 for quality control. Ministries of Education and Youth Affairs will coordinate and initiate youth development and support programs to create employment.
