Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-8bhkd Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-14T23:25:12.878Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Global Consensus Frameworks, Standards, Guidelines, and Tools: Their Implications in International Development Policy and Practice

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 October 2019

Suresh Pokharel Open the ORCID record for Suresh Pokharel [Opens in a new window] ,
Caroline Spencer ,
Dudley McArdle  and
Francis Archer
Suresh Pokharel*
Affiliation:
Monash University Disaster Resilience Initiative, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
Caroline Spencer
Affiliation:
Monash University Disaster Resilience Initiative, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
Dudley McArdle
Affiliation:
Monash University Disaster Resilience Initiative, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
Francis Archer
Affiliation:
Monash University Disaster Resilience Initiative, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
*
Correspondence: Suresh Pokharel 3 Etherton Court Hoppers Crossing, VIC 3029 Australia E-mail: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

In the present world, International Consensus Frameworks, commonly called global frameworks or global agendas, guide international development policies and practices. They guide the development of all countries and influence the development initiatives by their respective governments. Recent global frameworks, adopted mostly post-2015, include both a group of over-arching frameworks (eg, the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction [SFDRR]) and a group of frameworks addressing specific issues (eg, the Dhaka Declaration on Disability and Disaster Risk Management). These global frameworks serve twin purposes: first, to set a global development standard, and second, to set policies and approaches to achieve these standards. A companion group of professional standards, guidelines, and tools (ie, Sphere’s Humanitarian Charter and Minimum Standards) guide the implementation and operationalization of these frameworks on the ground.

This paper gathers these global frameworks and core professional guidelines in one place, presents an analytical review of their essential features, and highlights the commonalities and differences between and among these frameworks. The aim of this paper is to facilitate understanding of these frameworks and to help in designing development and resilience policy, planning, and implementation, at international and national levels, where these frameworks complement and contribute to each other.

This Special Report describes an important and evolving aspect of the discipline and provides core information necessary to progress the science. Additionally, the report will help governments and policy makers to define their priorities and to design policies/strategies/programs to reflect the global commitments. Development practitioners can pre-empt the focus of the international community and the assistance coming from donors to the priority sectors, as identified in the global agenda. This would then help governments and stakeholders to develop and design a realistic plan and program and prepare the instruments and mechanisms to deliver the goals.

Keywords

development agendaglobal consensus frameworksglobal goalsprofessional standardsurbanization
Type
Special Report
Information
Prehospital and Disaster Medicine , Volume 34 , Issue 6 , December 2019 , pp. 644 - 652
Copyright
© World Association for Disaster and Emergency Medicine 2019 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Fowler, A. International Development Frameworks, Policies, Priorities and Implications: A Basic Guide for NGOs. Canada: DLR International; 2003.Google Scholar
United Nations. Millennium Development Goals. http://www.un-documents.net/mdg.htm. Accessed March 7, 2019.Google Scholar
United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction. Disaster Risk Reduction and Resilience in the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, 2015. https://www.unisdr.org/files/46052_disasterriskreductioninthe2030agend.pdf. Accessed November 5, 2018.Google Scholar
United Nations. Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030. https://www.unisdr.org/files/43291_sendaiframeworkfordrren.pdf. Accessed November 5, 2018.Google Scholar
United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction. We monitor. https://www.unisdr.org/we/monitor. Accessed February 18, 2019.Google Scholar
United Nations. Addis Ababa Action Agenda of the Third International Conference on Financing on Development, United Nations, 2015. https://www.un.org/esa/ffd/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/AAAA_Outcome.pdf. Accessed November 5, 2018.Google Scholar
United Nations. A DESA Briefing Note on The Addis Ababa Action Agenda. https://www.un.org/esa/ffd/ffd3/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2015/07/DESA-Briefing-Note-Addis-Action-Agenda.pdf. Accessed November 5, 2018.Google Scholar
United Nations Development Program. What are Sustainable Development Goals? http://www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home/sustainable-development-goals.html. Accessed November 5, 2018.Google Scholar
United Nations. Press release – UN General Assembly’s Open Working Group proposes sustainable development goals (PDF). Sustainabledevelopment.un.org. July 19, 2014. Accessed November 5, 2018.Google Scholar
United Nations. Sustainable Development Goals, SDGs Indicators. https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/indicators/indicators-list/. Accessed March 28, 2019.Google Scholar
Bertelsmann Stiftung and Sustainable Development Solutions Network. July 2018. SDG Index and Dashboards Reports 2018, Global Responsibilities, Implementing the Goals. http://sdgindex.org/assets/files/2018/02%20SDGS%20Country%20profiles%20edition%20WEB%20V3%20180718.pdf. Accessed March 7, 2019.Google Scholar
United Nations. Climate Change. What is the Paris Agreement? https://unfccc.int/process-and-meetings/the-paris-agreement/what-is-the-paris-agreement. Accessed November 10, 2018.Google Scholar
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Summary of the Paris Agreement. https://unfccc.int/process-and-meetings/the-paris-agreement/what-is-the-paris-agreement. Accessed November 5, 2018.Google Scholar
United Nations. Agenda for Humanity. Annex to the Report of the Secretary-General for the World Humanitarian Summit (A/70/709; February 2, 2016). https://www.agendaforhumanity.org/agendaforhumanity?referer=home. Accessed November 10, 2018.Google Scholar
United Nations. New Urban Agenda. United Nations publication issued by the Habitat III Secretariat, 2016. http://habitat3.org/the-new-urban-agenda/. Accessed November 5, 2018.Google Scholar
United Nations. United Nations Conference on Least Developed Countries, Istanbul, Turkey, 2011. http://unohrlls.org/about-ldcs/istanbul-programme-of-action/. Accessed November 20, 2018.Google Scholar
United Nations. SIDS Accelerated Modalities of Action (SAMOA) Pathway, Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 14 November 2014. http://www.un.org/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=A/RES/69/15&Lang=E. Accessed November 16, 2018.Google Scholar
United Nations. Vienna Program of Action for Landlocked Developing Countries for the Decade 2014–2024. United Nations, Vienna, 2014. https://unohrlls.org/custom-content/uploads/2015/03/Vienna-Programme-of-Action.pdf. Accessed November 16, 2018.Google Scholar
United Nations. New York Declaration for Refugee and Migrants. Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 19 September 2016. https://refugeesmigrants.un.org/declaration. Accessed November 16, 2018.Google Scholar
Dhaka Declaration 2015+1 Adopted at the Dhaka Conference 2018 on Disability and Disaster Risk Management. Dhaka, Bangladesh, May 15–17, 2018. http://dkconf18.modmr.gov.bd/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/Dhaka-Declaration-2018.pdf. Accessed November 16, 2018.Google Scholar
Sphere. The Sphere Handbook, Humanitarian Charter and Minimum Standards in Humanitarian Response. Geneva, Switzerland: Sphere; 2018 Edition.Google Scholar
Core Humanitarian STANDARD. Core Humanitarian Standard on Quality and Accountability. Geneva, Switzerland: CHS Alliance, Group URD, and the Sphere Project; 2014.Google Scholar
ICRC. Code of Conduct for the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement and Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) in Disaster Relief. https://www.icrc.org/en/doc/assets/files/publications/icrc-002-1067.pdf. Accessed February 3, 2019.Google Scholar
Humanitarian Response, OCHA Service. What is Cluster Approach? https://www.humanitarianresponse.info/en/about-clusters/what-is-the-cluster-approach. Accessed February 3, 2019.Google Scholar
UNICEF. Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Cluster Coordination Handbook. New York USA: UNICEF Global WASH Cluster Coordinator Project; 2009.Google Scholar
World Health Organization. Emergency Response Framework – 2nd ed. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 2017. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.Google Scholar
Global Protection Cluster. ESSENTIAL PROTECTION GUIDANCE AND TOOLS. http://www.globalprotectioncluster.org/tools-and-guidance/essential-protection-guidance-and-tools/. Accessed February 18, 2019.Google Scholar
International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies. IDRL Guidelines. https://www.ifrc.org/en/what-we-do/idrl/idrl-guidelines/. Accessed March 5, 2019.Google Scholar
United Nations Human Rights Office of the High Commissioner. International Standards, Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement. https://www.ohchr.org/en/issues/idpersons/pages/standards.aspx. Accessed March 5, 2019.Google Scholar
Cosgrave, J, Buchanan-Smith, M, and Warner, A. Evaluation of Humanitarian Action Guide. ALNAP, 2016. https://www.alnap.org/help-library/evaluation-of-humanitarian-action-guide. Accessed February 7, 2019.Google Scholar
World Association of Disaster and Emergency Medicine. Improving Global Prehospital and Emergency Medicine, Public Health, and Disaster Health Care and Preparedness. https://wadem.org/publications/frameworks/. Accessed February 7, 2019.Google Scholar
EVIDENCE Aid. Research Evidence in the Humanitarian Sector A PRACTICE GUIDE. http://www.evidenceaid.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/Evidence_Aid_Practice_Guide_52pp_DIGITAL-FINAL-VERSION-2018-10-22.pdf. Accessed February 7, 2019.Google Scholar
Wong, DF, Spencer, C, Boyd, L, Burkle, FM, Archer, F. Disaster metrics: a comprehensive framework for disaster evaluation typologies. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2017;32(5):501–514.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
World Health Organization. Humanitarian Health Action. https://www.who.int/hac/techguidance/preparedness/en/. Accessed February 7, 2019.Google Scholar
United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction. Comprehensive School Safety, UNISDR. 2017. https://www.unisdr.org/files/51335_cssbooklet2017updated.pdf. Accessed December 15, 2018.Google Scholar
World Health Organization. 2015 Safe Hospital Initiative, Comprehensive Safe Hospital Framework. https://www.who.int/hac/techguidance/comprehensive_safe_hospital_framework.pdf?ua=1. Accessed March 7, 2019.Google Scholar
United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction. 10 Essentials-An operational framework of Sendai Framework at local level. https://www.unisdr.org/campaign/resilientcities/home/toolkitblkitem/?id=1. Accessed February 8, 2019.Google Scholar
Arup. The City Resilience Framework. Arup, 2015. https://www.rockefellerfoundation.org/report/city-resilience-framework/. Accessed November 12, 2018.Google Scholar
Arup. Financing up to the Future: The City Resilience Index. https://www.arup.com/perspectives/city-resilience-index. Accessed April 2, 2019.Google Scholar
Plan International Australia; Arup. Child Centered Urban Resilience Framework. https://www.plan.org.au/-/media/plan/documents/reports/curf_brochure2016v8.pdf. Accessed November 12, 2018.Google Scholar
Murray, VSG, Maini, R, Clarke, L, Eltinay, N. Coherence between the Sendai Framework, the SDGs, the Climate Agreement, New Urban Agenda and World Humanitarian Summit, and the role of science in their implementation. Research Gate, 2017. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/326972732_Coherence_between_the_Sendai_Framework_the_SDGs_the_Climate_Agreement_New_Urban_Agenda_and_World_Humanitarian_Summit_and_the_role_of_science_in_their_implementation. Accessed February 14, 2019.Google Scholar
United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction. Implementing the Sendai Framework to Achieve the Sustainable Development Goals. https://www.unisdr.org/files/50438_implementingthesendaiframeworktoach.pdf. Accessed February 14, 2019.Google Scholar
United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction. The UNISDR Global Science & Technology Advisory Group for the implementation of the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030 UNISDR, ToR, 2018. https://www.unisdr.org/2016/docs/stag/Revised%20G-STAG%20TOR%20final.pdf. Accessed March 28, 2019.Google Scholar