Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-dlnhk Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-28T06:59:16.944Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Emergency Medical Services Systems in the United States and China: A Developmental Comparison

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 June 2012

Frederick M. Burkle Jr. ,
Xiaoping Zhang ,
Walter Patrick ,
Edward Kalinowski  and
Zonghao Li
Frederick M. Burkle Jr.*
Affiliation:
Department of Surgery and Department of Pediatrics, University of Hawaii, John A. Burns School of Medicine
Xiaoping Zhang
Affiliation:
University of Hawaii School of Public Health
Walter Patrick
Affiliation:
University of Hawaii School of Public Health
Edward Kalinowski
Affiliation:
Department of Emergency Medical Services, Kapiolani Community College, University of Hawaii
Zonghao Li
Affiliation:
Beijing Emergency Medical Center, Beijing, China
*
Kapiolani Medical Center, 1319 Punahou Street, Honolulu, HI 96826, USA
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

International emergency medical services (EMS) consultation requires many sensitivities to cross-cultural issues. Contemporary EMS models in developed countries have, by necessity, a systems framework. This study compares evolving EMS systems in the United States and China. It is concluded, that, no matter what the potential and cultural differences might be, a systems framework inherently will emerge in EMS development. As such, the EMS components recognized often will expose an evolving systems approach with more similarities than differences and can reveal strategies for improvement. Providing a developmental comparison process is a necessary first phase in analysis of a country's systems development or restructuring.

Keywords

Chinadisastersemergency medical servicesEMS system developmentEMS systemshealth careinternational health carelinkagesprovisionsUnited States
Type
Special Report
Information
Prehospital and Disaster Medicine , Volume 9 , Issue 4 , December 1994 , pp. 244 - 251
Copyright
Copyright © World Association for Disaster and Emergency Medicine 1994

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1. Dines, GB: Report on The International Conference on Emergency Health Care Development. Public Health Report 105, pp 76–79, 1990.Google ScholarPubMed
2. Roemer, MI: An Introduction to the U.S. Health Care System. New York: Springer Publishing Company, 1982.Google Scholar
3. Accidental Death and Disalnlity: The Neglected Disease of Modem Society. Division of Medical Sciences, National Academy of Sciences–National Research Council, Washington, DC, 1966.Google Scholar
4. Boyd, DR: The history of emergency medical services systems in the United States of America, In: Boyd, DR, Edlich, RF, Micik, S (eds): Systems Approach to Emergency Medical Care. Norwalk: Appleton-Century-Croft, 1983.Google Scholar
5. Bledsoe, BE, Porter, RS, Shade, R: Paramedic Emergency Care, 2nd ed. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1994.Google Scholar
6. Wilenski, P: The Delivery of Health Services of the People's Republic of China. International Development Center, Canada, 1976.Google Scholar
7. Basch, PF: Textbook of International Health. New York: Oxford University Press, 1990.Google Scholar
8. World Health Organization: Health Services in the USSR. Geneva: WHO, 1960.Google Scholar
9. Wegman, ME, Lin, T, Purcell, EF: Public Health in the People's Republic of China. New York: The Josiah Macy, Jr. Foundation, 1973.Google Scholar
10. Ministry of Public Health: Chinese Health Statistical Digest Beijing, 1986.Google Scholar
11. Cui, Y: Public Health in the People's Republic of China. Beijing: People's Medical Publishing House, 1986.Google Scholar
12. Ministry of Public Health: Directive to Further Strengthen Emergency Care in Urban Areas. Beijing, 1980.Google Scholar
13. Chen, GW, Xiam, D, Ji, ZN, Ki, X: Guangdong: Guangdong Science and Technology Express, 1990.Google Scholar
14. Crowell, R, Shao, X, Cummins, RO: Emergency medicine in China—1987. Ann Emerg Med 1988;17:1069–1073.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
15. Sheng, Ji: Hainan Emergency Medical Center Preparatory Committee, Hainan January, 1992.Google Scholar
16. Di, S,: Chinese emergency medical association. Proceedings of the Fourth Conference of National Emergency Medicine Association. Jinan, May 1992.Google Scholar
17. Narad, RA: Emergency medical services system design. Emerg Med Clin N Amer. 1990;8:1–15.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
18. Shou, J: Beijing emergency medical center, and others. Proceedings of the First Disaster Medicine and Prehospital Care Seminar. Beijing, 1990.Google Scholar
19. Xue, M (ed): Almanac of China's Economy. Hong Kong: Modern Culture 1982.Google Scholar
20. Hsiao, WC: Transformation of Health Care in China. N Engl J Med 1984:310:932–936.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
21. Banister, J: China: Recent Trends in Health and Mortality. Washington: Center for International Research, 1986.Google Scholar