Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-8ctnn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-26T04:30:50.306Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Acute Incident Rapid Response at a Mass-Gathering Event Through Comprehensive Planning Systems: A Case Report from the 2013 Shamrock Shuffle

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 May 2014

Mehmet Başdere
Affiliation:
Northwestern University, Department of Industrial Engineering and Management Sciences, McCormick School of Engineering, Chicago, Illinois USA
Colleen Ross
Affiliation:
Northwestern University, Department of Industrial Engineering and Management Sciences, McCormick School of Engineering, Chicago, Illinois USA
Jennifer L. Chan*
Affiliation:
Department of Emergency Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois USA
Sanjay Mehrotra
Affiliation:
Northwestern University, Department of Industrial Engineering and Management Sciences, McCormick School of Engineering, Chicago, Illinois USA
Karen Smilowitz
Affiliation:
Northwestern University, Department of Industrial Engineering and Management Sciences, McCormick School of Engineering, Chicago, Illinois USA
George Chiampas
Affiliation:
Department of Emergency Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois USA Bank of America Chicago Marathon and Shamrock Shuffle, Chicago, Illinois USA
*
Correspondance: Jennifer L. Chan, MD, MPH Northwestern Memorial Hospital Northwestern University Chicago, Illinois USA E-mail [email protected]

Abstract

Planning and execution of mass-gathering events involves various challenges. In this case report, the Chicago Model (CM), which was designed to organize and operate such events and to maintain the health and wellbeing of both runners and the public in a more effective way, is described. The Chicago Model also was designed to prepare for unexpected incidents, including disasters, during the marathon event. The model has been used successfully in the planning and execution stages of the Bank of America Shamrock Shuffle and the Bank of America Chicago Marathon since 2008. The key components of the CM are organizational structure, information systems, and communication. This case report describes how the organizers at the 2013 Shamrock Shuffle used the key components of the CM approach in order to respond to an acute incident caused by a man who was threatening to jump off the State Street Bridge. The course route was changed to accommodate this unexpected event, while maintaining access to key health care facilities. The lessons learned from the incident are presented and further improvements to the existing model are proposed.

Başdere M, Ross C, Chan JL, Mehrotra S, Smilowitz K, Chiampas G. Acute Incident Rapid Response at a Mass-Gathering Event Through Comprehensive Planning Systems: A Case Report from the 2013 Shamrock Shuffle. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2014;29(3):1-6 .

Type
Case Report
Copyright
Copyright © World Association for Disaster and Emergency Medicine 2014 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1. World Health Organization. Communicable disease alert and response for mass gatherings: key considerations. http://www.who.int/csr/Mass_gatherings2.pdf. Updated June 2008. Accessed June 18, 2013.Google Scholar
2. Marathon disrupted by passing trains, organizer blocks track. USA TODAY. September 27, 2005. http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/sports/olympics/summer/2005-09-27-marathon-trains_x.htm. Accessed April 8, 2013.Google Scholar
3. ‘Gas leak’ diverts marathon route. BBC News. April 13, 2008. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/7345058.stm. Accessed April 8, 2013.Google Scholar
4. Pittsburgh marathon disrupted by bomb scare; race route changed after device found in microwave. NY Daily News. May 2, 2010. http://www.nydailynews.com/news/national/pittsburgh-marathon-disrupted-bomb-scare-race-route-changed-device-found-microwave-article-1.445850. Accessed April 8, 2013.Google Scholar
5. After Days of Pressure, Marathon Is Off. The New York Times. November 2, 2012. http://www.nytimes.com/2012/11/03/sports/new-york-city-marathon-will-not-be-held-sunday.html?_r=1&. Accessed April 8, 2013.Google Scholar
6. Jaslow, D, Yancey, A, Milsten, A. Mass gathering medical care. Prehosp Emerg Care. 2000;4(4):359-360.Google Scholar
7. Walsh, DW. Killer heat. Emerg Med Serv. 1995;24(10):16-18.Google ScholarPubMed
8. Spaite, DW, Meislin, HW, Valenzeula, TD, et al. Banning alcohol in a major college stadium: impact on the incidence and patterns of injury and illness. J Am Coll Health. 1990;39:125-128.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
9. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention—MMWR. Prevention and management of heat-related illness among spectators and staff during the Olympic Games—Atlanta, 6-23 July 1996. JAMA. 1996;45(29):631-633.Google Scholar
10. Flabouris, A, Bridgewater, F. An analysis of demand for first-aid care at a major public event. Prehosp Disaster Med. 1996;11(1):48-54.Google Scholar
11. Leonard, RB. Medical support for mass gatherings. Emerg Med Clin North Am. 1996;14(2):383-397.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
12. McCann, T. Patriotic spirit fills marathon, but race has 3rd death in 4 years. Chicago Tribune. October 8, 2001. http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2001-10-08/news/0110080288_1_marathon-runners-patriotic. Accessed June 15, 2013.Google Scholar
13. Wetterhall, SF, Coulombien, DM, Herndon, JM, et al. Medical care delivery at the 1996 Olympic Games. JAMA. 1998;279(18):1463-1468.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
14. Richards, R, Richards, D, Whittaker, R. Method of predicting the number of casualties in the Sydney City-to-Surf Fun Runs. Med J Aust. 1984;141:805-808.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
15. Arbon, P, Bridgewater, FH, Smith, C. Mass gathering medicine: a predictive model for patient presentation and transport rates. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2001;16(3):150-158.Google Scholar
16. Andrew, MM, Brian, JM, Rick, AB, Kevin, GS. Mass-gathering medical care: a review of the literature. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2002;17(3):151-162.Google Scholar
17. Arbon, P. Mass-gathering medicine: a review of the evidence and future directions for research. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2007;22(2):131-135.Google Scholar
18. Yazawa, K, Kamijo, Y, Sakai, R, et al. Medical care for a mass gathering: the Suwa Onbashira Festival. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2007;22(5):431-435.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
19. Hartman, N, Williamson, A, Sojka, B, et al. Predicting resource use at mass gatherings using a simplified stratification scoring model. Am J Emerg Med. 2009;27(3):337-343.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
20. McCarthy, DM, Chiampas, GT, Malik, S, Cole, K, Linderman, P, Adams, JG. Enhancing community disaster resilience through mass sporting events. Disaster Med Public Health Prep. 2011;5:310-315.Google Scholar
21. Sawyer, A [Communications Coordinator at Chicago Event Management] (April 7, 2014). Email interview.Google Scholar
22. Bank of America Shamrock Shuffle. Registration Closes for 2013 Bank of America Shamrock Shuffle 8 K as 40,000-participant capacity is reached: Eager runners to kick off Chicago running season. http://assets.shamrockshuffle.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/031513_WAGNER_2013-BAC-Shamrock-Shuffle-Registration-Closed_FINAL.pdf. Published March 15, 2013. Accessed April 17, 2013.Google Scholar
23. Bank of America Shamrock Shuffle. Searchable Results. http://www.shamrockshuffle.com/race-results/searchable-results/. Published April 7, 2013. Accessed April 17, 2013.Google Scholar
24. Stout, RJ, Cannon-Bowers, JA, Salas, E, Milanovich, DM. Planning, shared mental models, and coordinated performance: an empirical link is established. Hum Factors. 1999;41(1):61-71.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
25. Chiampas, GT, Jaworski, CA. Preparing for the surge: perspectives on marathon medical preparedness. Curr Sports Med Rep. 2009;8(3):131-135.Google Scholar
26. Man threatening to jump from bridge forces shuffle in race route. Chicago Tribune. April 7, 2013. http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2013-04-07/news/chi-man-threatening-to-jump-from-bridge-forces-shuffle-in-race-route-20130407_1_state-street-race-route-bridge-forces. Accessed April 7, 2013.Google Scholar
27. The Marathon They Almost Canceled. The Boston Globe. April 13, 2008. http://www.boston.com/bostonglobe/magazine/articles/2008/04/13/the_marathon_they_almost_canceled/?page=full. Accessed April 8, 2013.Google Scholar
28. Bank of America Shamrock Shuffle. 2013 Bank of America Shamrock Shuffle 8 K Course Map. http://assets.shamrockshuffle.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/2013-Bank-of-America-Shamrok-Shffle-8K-Course-Map.pdf. Publish date unknown. Accessed June 20, 2013.Google Scholar