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3 Echo: Concept of Operations for Early Care and Evacuation of Victims of Mass Violence

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 June 2014

Allen W. Autrey ,
John L. Hick ,
Kurtis Bramer ,
Jeremy Berndt  and
Jonathan Bundt
Allen W. Autrey*
Affiliation:
55th CST/WMD, Medical, St. Paul, Minnesota USA Healtheast Emergency Medical Services, St. Joseph's Hospital, St. Paul, Minnesota USA
John L. Hick
Affiliation:
Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota USA Emergency Medical Services, Hennepin County EMS, Minneapolis, Minnesota USA University of Minnesota, Emergency Medicine, Minneapolis, Minnesota USA
Kurtis Bramer
Affiliation:
Emergency Medical Services, Hennepin County EMS, Minneapolis, Minnesota USA
Jeremy Berndt
Affiliation:
Emergency and Trauma Center, St. Vincent Hospital, Green Bay, Wisconsin USA
Jonathan Bundt
Affiliation:
MASA Consulting, Minneapolis, Minnesota USA
*
Correspondence: Allen W. Autrey, MD, MC Medical Officer 55th WMD-CST 612 Militia Drive Saint Paul, MN 55111 USA E-mail [email protected]
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Abstract

This report describes the successful use of a simple 3-phase approach that guides the initial 30 minutes of a response to blast and active shooter events with casualties: Enter, Evaluate, and Evacuate (3 Echo) in a mass-shooting event occurring in Minneapolis, Minnesota USA, on September 27, 2012. Early coordination between law enforcement (LE) and rescue was emphasized, including establishment of unified command, a common operating picture, determination of evacuation corridors, swift victim evaluation, basic treatment, and rapid evacuation utilizing an approach developed collaboratively over the four years prior to the event. Field implementation of 3 Echo requires multi-disciplinary (Emergency Medical Services (EMS), fire and LE) training to optimize performance. This report details the mass-shooting event, the framework created to support the response, and also describes important aspects of the concepts of operation and curriculum evolved through years of collaboration between multiple disciplines to arrive at unprecedented EMS transport times in response to the event.

Autrey AW, Hick JL, Bramer K, Berndt J, Bundt J. 3 Echo: Concept of Operations for Early Care and Evacuation of Victims of Mass Violence. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2014;29(4):1-8 .

Keywords

mass violencerapid casualty evacuationtourniquets
Type
Case Report
Information
Prehospital and Disaster Medicine , Volume 29 , Issue 4 , August 2014 , pp. 421 - 428
Copyright
Copyright © World Association for Disaster and Emergency Medicine 2014 

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