Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-q99xh Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-26T14:02:56.607Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Potassium-ion intercalation in graphite within a potassium-ion battery examined using in situ X-ray diffraction

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  04 September 2017

James C. Pramudita Open the ORCID record for James C. Pramudita [Opens in a new window] ,
Vanessa K. Peterson ,
Justin A. Kimpton  and
Neeraj Sharma
James C. Pramudita
Affiliation:
School of Chemistry, UNSW Australia, Sydney NSW 2052, Australia Australia Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Kirrawee, DC NSW 2253, Australia
Vanessa K. Peterson*
Affiliation:
Australia Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Kirrawee, DC NSW 2253, Australia Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials, Faculty of Engineering, School of Mechanical, Materials, and Mechatronic Engineering, University of Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
Justin A. Kimpton
Affiliation:
Australian Synchrotron, 800 Blackburn Road Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
Neeraj Sharma
Affiliation:
School of Chemistry, UNSW Australia, Sydney NSW 2052, Australia
*
a)Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. Electronic mail: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Graphite has been widely used as a negative electrode material in lithium-ion batteries, and recently it has attracted attention for its use in potassium-ion batteries. In this study, the first in situ X-ray diffraction characterisation of a K/graphite electrochemical cell is performed. Various graphite intercalation compounds are found, including the stage three KC36 and stage one KC8 compounds, along with the disappearance of the graphite during the potassiation process. These results show new insights on the non-equilibrium states of potassium-ion intercalation into graphite in K/graphite electrochemical cells.

Keywords

potassium-ionbatteriesgraphitenegative electrodein situ X-ray diffraction
Type
Technical Articles
Information
Powder Diffraction , Volume 32 , Supplement S2 , December 2017 , pp. S43 - S48
Check for updates
Copyright
Copyright © International Centre for Diffraction Data 2017 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Böhm, M. C., Schulte, J., and Schlögl, R. (1996). “Electronic structure of potassium graphite compounds,” Phys. Status Solidi. 131, 131–144.Google Scholar
Choi, N.-S., Chen, Z., Freunberger, S. A., Ji, X., Sun, Y.-K., Amine, K., and Bruce, P. G. (2012). “Challenges facing lithium batteries and electrical double-layer capacitors,” Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 51, 9994–10024.Google Scholar
Eftekhari, A., Jian, Z., and Ji, X. (2016). “Potassium secondary batteries,” ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 9, 4404–4419.Google Scholar
Ge, P. and Fouletier, M. (1988). “Electrochemical intercalation of sodium in graphite,” Solid State Ion. 28, 1172–1175.Google Scholar
Gu, Q., Kimpton, J. A., Brand, H. E. A., Wang, Z., and Chou, S. (2017). “Solving key challenges in battery research using in situ synchrotron and neutron techniques,” Adv. Energy Mater. doi: 10.1002/aenm.201602831.Google Scholar
Hassel, O. and Mark, H. (1924). “Über die Kristallstruktur des Graphits,” Z. Phys. A Hadrons Nucl. 25, 317–337.Google Scholar
Jian, Z., Luo, W., and Ji, X. (2015). “Carbon electrodes for K-ion batteries,” J. Am. Chem. Soc. 137, 11566–11569.Google Scholar
Kang, H., Liu, Y., Cao, K., Zhao, Y., Jiao, L., Wang, Y., and Yuan, H. (2015). “Update on anode materials for Na-ion batteries,” J. Mat. Chem. A 3, 17899–17913.Google Scholar
Komaba, S., Hasegawa, T., Dahbi, M., and Kubota, K. (2015). “Potassium intercalation into graphite to realize high-voltage/high-power potassium-ion batteries and potassium-ion capacitors,” Electrochem. Commun. 60, 172–175.Google Scholar
Luo, W., Wan, J., Ozdemir, B., Bao, W., Chen, Y., Dai, J., and Hu, L. (2015). “Potassium ion batteries with graphitic materials,” Nano Lett. 15, 7671–7677.Google Scholar
Mizutani, Y., Ihara, E., Abe, T., Asano, M., Harada, T., Ogumi, Z., and Inaba, M. (1996). Preparation of alkali metal graphite intercalation compounds in organic solvents,” J. Phys. Chem. Solids 57, 799–803.Google Scholar
Nishitani, R., Uno, Y., and Suematsu, H. (1983). “ In situ observation of staging in potassium-graphite intercalation compounds,” Phys. Rev. B. 27, 6572–6575.Google Scholar
Nixon, D. E., and Parry, G. S. (1968). “Formation and structure of the potassium graphites,” J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 1, 291.Google Scholar
Nobuhara, K., Nakayama, H., Nose, M., Nakanishi, S., and Iba, H. (2013). “First-principles study of alkali metal-graphite intercalation compounds,” J. Power Sources 243, 585–587.Google Scholar
Palomares, V., Serras, P., Villaluenga, I., Hueso, K. B., Carretero-Gonzalez, J., and Rojo, T. (2012). “Na-ion batteries, recent advances and present challenges to become low cost energy storage systems,” Energy Environ. Sci. 5, 5884–5901.Google Scholar
Pan, H., Hu, Y.-S., and Chen, L. (2013). “Room-temperature stationary sodium-ion batteries for large-scale electric energy storage,” Energy Environ. Sci. 6, 2338–2360.Google Scholar
Park, T.-H., Yeo, J.-S., Seo, M.-H., Miyawaki, J., Mochida, I., and Yoon, S.-H. (2013). “Enhancing the rate performance of graphite anodes through addition of natural graphite/carbon nanofibers in lithium-ion batteries,” Electrochim. Acta 93, 236–240.Google Scholar
Ponrouch, A., Goñi, A. R., and Palacín, M. R. (2013). “High capacity hard carbon anodes for sodium ion batteries in additive free electrolyte,” Electrochem. Commun. 27, 85–88.Google Scholar
Pramudita, J. C., Rawal, A., Choucair, M., Pontiroli, D., Magnani, G., Gaboardi, M., and Sharma, N. 2017a). “Mechanisms of sodium insertion/extraction on the surface of defective graphenes,” ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 9, 431–438.Google Scholar
Pramudita, J. C., Sehrawat, D., Goonetilleke, D., and Sharma, N. (2017b). “an initial review of the status of electrode materials for potassium-ion batteries,” Adv. Energy Mater. doi: 10.1002/aenm.201602911.Google Scholar
Purewal, J. (2010). Hydrogen adsorption by alkali metal graphite intercalation compounds. PhD Dissertation, California Institute of Technology.Google Scholar
Sawicki, M. and Shaw, L. L. (2015). “Advances and challenges of sodium ion batteries as post lithium ion batteries,” RSC Adv. 5, 53129–53154.Google Scholar
Senyshyn, A., Dolotko, O., Mühlbauer, M. J., Nikolowski, K., Fuess, H., and Ehrenberg, H. (2013). “lithium intercalation into graphitic carbons revisited: experimental evidence for twisted bilayer behavior,” J. Electrochem. Soc. 160, A3198–A3205.Google Scholar
Sharma, N. and Peterson, V. K. (2013). “Overcharging a lithium-ion battery: effect on the LixC6 negative electrode determined by in situ neutron diffraction,” J. Power Sources 244, 695–701.Google Scholar
Slater, M. D., Kim, D., Lee, E., and Johnson, C. S. (2013). “Sodium-ion batteries,” Adv. Funct. Mater. 23, 947–958.Google Scholar
Stevens, D. A. and Dahn, J. R. (2001). “The mechanisms of lithium and sodium insertion in carbon materials,” J. Electrochem. Soc. 148, A803–A811.Google Scholar
Taniguchi, H., Ebina, Y., Takada, K., and Sasaki, T. (2005). “Synthesis and soft-chemical reactivity of layered potassium cobalt oxide,” Solid State Ion. 176, 2367–2370.Google Scholar
Tarascon, J. M. and Armand, M. (2001). “Issues and challenges facing rechargeable lithium batteries,” Nature 414, 359–367.Google Scholar
Thomas, P., Ghanbaja, J., and Billaud, D. (1999). “Electrochemical insertion of sodium in pitch-based carbon fibres in comparison with graphite in NaClO4–ethylene carbonate electrolyte,” Electrochim. Acta 45, 423–430.Google Scholar
Wallwork, K. S., Kennedy, B. J., and Wang, D. (2007). “The high resolution powder diffraction beamline for the australian synchrotron,” AIP Conf. Proc. 879, 879–882.Google Scholar
Wen, Y., He, K., Zhu, Y., Han, F., Xu, Y., Matsuda, I., and Wang, C. (2014). “Expanded graphite as superior anode for sodium-ion batteries,” Nat. Commun. 5, 4033.Google Scholar
Zabel, H. (1981). Ordering in 2 dimensions (North Holland Publishing, Amsterdam).Google Scholar