Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-t5tsf Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-06T12:48:11.943Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Nanocrystalline and stacking-disordered β-cristobalite AlPO4: the now deciphered main constituent of a municipal sewage sludge ash from a full-scale incineration facility

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  16 April 2015

B. Peplinski ,
C. Adam ,
B. Adamczyk ,
R. Müller ,
M. Michaelis ,
T. Krahl  and
F. Emmerling
B. Peplinski*
Affiliation:
BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Berlin, Germany
C. Adam
Affiliation:
BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Berlin, Germany
B. Adamczyk
Affiliation:
BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Berlin, Germany
R. Müller
Affiliation:
BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Berlin, Germany
M. Michaelis
Affiliation:
BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Berlin, Germany
T. Krahl
Affiliation:
Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
F. Emmerling
Affiliation:
BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Berlin, Germany
*
a) Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. Electronic mail: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

For the first time evidence is provided that a nanocrystalline and stacking-disordered, chemically stabilized β-cristobalite form of AlPO4 occurs in a sewage sludge ash (SSA). This proof is based on a combined X-ray powder diffraction and X-ray fluorescence investigation of an SSA produced at a large-scale fluidized bed incineration facility serving a catching area with a population of 2 million. The structural and chemical characterization was carried out on ‘as received’ SSA samples as well as on solid residues remaining after leaching this SSA in sodium hydroxide solution. Thus, it was ascertained that the observed nanocrystalline and stacking-disordered cristobalite-like component belongs to the aluminum phosphate component of this SSA, rather than to its silicon dioxide component. In addition, a direct proof is presented that the chemically stabilized β-cristobalite form of AlPO4 does crystallize from X-ray amorphous precursors under conditions that mimic the huge heating rate and short retention time (just seconds at T ≈ 850°C), typical for fluidized bed incinerators.

Keywords

aluminum phosphatechemical stabilization of high-temperature formscristobalite formstacking disorderincinerator ashsewage sludge ash
Type
Technical Articles
Information
Powder Diffraction , Volume 30 , Supplement S1 , June 2015 , pp. S31 - S35
Check for updates
Copyright
Copyright © International Centre for Diffraction Data 2015 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Elzea, J. M. and Rice, S. B. (1996). “TEM and X-ray diffraction evidence for cristobalite and tridymite stacking sequences in opal,” Clay Clay Miner. 44, 492–500.Google Scholar
Graetsch, H. and Flörke, O. W. (1991). “X-ray powder diffraction patterns and phase relationship of tridymite modifications,” Z. Kristallogr. 195, 31–48.Google Scholar
Graetsch, H., Gies, H., and Topalovic, I. (1994). “NMR, XRD and IR study of microcrystalline opals,” Phys. Chem. Miner. 21, 168–175.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Graetsch, H. A. (2003). “Thermal expansion and thermally induced variations of the crystal structure of AlPO4 low cristobalite,” N. Jb. Miner. Mh., Jg. 2003(7), 289–301.Google Scholar
Guthrie, G. D., Bish, D. L., and Reynolds, R. C. (1995). “Modelling the X-ray diffraction pattern of opal-CT,” Am. Mineral. 80, 869–872.Google Scholar
ICDD (2013). PDF-4+ 2013 (Database), edited by . Kabekkodu, Soorya, International Centre for Diffraction Data, Newtown Square, PA, USA.Google Scholar
Peplinski, B., Adam, C., Reuther, H., Vogel, C., Adamczyk, B., Menzel, M., Emmerling, F., and Simon, F.-G. (2011). “First identification of the tridymite form of AlPO4 in municipal sewage sludge ash,” Z. Kristallogr. Proc. 1, 443–448.Google Scholar
Peplinski, B., Adam, C., Adamczyk, B., Müller, R., Schadrack, R., Michaelis, M., Emmerling, F., Reuther, H., and Menzel, M. (2013). “Evidence of formation of the tridymite form of AlPO4 in some municipal sewage sludge ashes,” Powder Diffr. J. 28(S2), S425–S435.Google Scholar
Perrotta, J. A., Grubbs, D. K., Martin, E. S., Dando, N. R., McKinstry, H. A., and Huang, C.-Y. (1989). “Chemical stabilization of β-cristobalite,” J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 72, 441–447.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Petzet, S., Peplinski, B., Bodkhe, S. Y., and Cornel, P. (2011). “Recovery of phosphorus and aluminium from sewage sludge ash by a new wet chemical elution process (SESAL-Phos-recovery process),” Water Sci.Technol. 64, 693–699.Google Scholar
Petzet, S., Peplinski, B., and Cornel, P. (2012). “On the wet chemical phosphorus recovery from sewage sludge ashes by acidic or alkaline leachings and by an optimized combination of both,” Water Res. 46, 3769–3780.Google Scholar
Swanson, H. E., Cook, M. I., Evans, E. H., and deGroot, J. H. (1960). “Aluminum orthophosphate, AlPO4 (orthorhombic),” Natl. Bur. Stand. (U.S.) Circ. 539, Standard X-ray Diffraction Powder Patterns, 10, 4–6.Google Scholar
Thomas, E. S., Thompson, J. G., Withers, R. L., Sterns, M., Xiao, Y., and Kirkpatrick, R. J., (1994). “Further investigation of the stabilization of β-cristobalite,” J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 77, 49–56.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wright, A. F. and Leadbetter, A. J. (1975). “The structure of the β-cristobalite phases of SiO2 and AlPO4 ,” Philos. Mag. 31, 1391–1401.Google Scholar