Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-rdxmf Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-24T06:35:55.489Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Songs of tractors and submission: on the assembled politicity of popular music and far-right populism in Austria

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  24 October 2022

André Doehring*
Affiliation:
University of Music and Performing Arts Graz, Institute for Jazz Research, Leonhardstraße 15/II, 8010 Graz, Austria
Kai Ginkel*
Affiliation:
University of Music and Performing Arts Graz, Institute for Jazz Research, Leonhardstraße 15/II, 8010 Graz, Austria

Abstract

Our article addresses the connection between popular music and far-right populism, as exemplified by the Freedom Party of Austria (Freiheitliche Partei Österreichs, FPÖ). We discuss the specific mainstreaming and normalizing potential of popular music for far-right populist politics, by means of songs that do not qualify as political or politicized music in the sense of carrying a clear political message. We introduce a multi-step methodology that addresses performative aspects of actual situations of reception (fieldwork) and in-depth analyses of the music and its affordances (group analysis). Based on this approach, we argue that these ambivalent, sometimes even contradictory musical performances take on a life of their own within a specific arrangement that we will term an assembled politicity, in the sense of a political potential activated through situational arrangements. In this way, the FPÖ's musical programme affords far-right populist interpretations through music that appears to be unsuspicious.

Type
Article
Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s), 2022. Published by Cambridge University Press

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

References

Appen, R. von, Doehring, A., Helms, D., and Moore, A.F. 2015. ‘Introduction’, in Song Interpretation in 21st-Century Pop Music, ed. von Appen, R., Doehring, A., Helms, D., and Moore, A.F. (Farnham, Ashgate), pp. 16Google Scholar
Born, G. 2011. ‘Music and the materialization of identities’, Journal of Material Culture, 16/4, pp. 376–8810.1177/1359183511424196CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Born, G. 2021. ‘Reinventing audiences. Imagining radical musical democracies’, in Finding Democracy in Music, ed. Adlington, R. and Buch, E. (London, Routledge), pp. 181203Google Scholar
Botsch, G. 2020. ‘“Wann i’ denk wie's früher war” – Nationalismus in der “postnationalen Konstellation”’, in One Nation Under a Groove. ‘Nation’ als Kategorie populärer Musik, ed. von Appen, R. and Hindrichs, T. (Bielefeld, Transcript), pp. 1530CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brown, K., Mondon, A., and Winter, A. 2021. ‘The far right, the mainstream and mainstreaming: towards a heuristic framework’, Journal of Political Ideologies, pp. 138. doi: 10.1080/13569317.2021.1949829CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Butler, J. 2016. Anmerkungen zu einer performativen Theorie der Versammlung (Berlin, Suhrkamp)Google Scholar
Clarke, E.F. 2013. ‘Music, space and subjectivity’, in Music, Sound and Space. Transformations of Public and Private Experience, ed. Born, G. (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press), pp. 90110CrossRefGoogle Scholar
DeNora, T. 2003. After Adorno: Rethinking Music Sociology (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press).10.1017/CBO9780511489426CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Der Standard. 2005. ‘“I Am From Austria”: Fendrich-Manager klagt FPÖ’, Der Standard, 17 October. https://www.derstandard.at/story/2193368/i-am-from-austria-fendrich-manager-klagt-fpoe (accessed 23 June 2021)Google Scholar
Doehring, A., Ginkel, K., and Krisper, E. 2019. ‘Remixe. Remixen. Popularmusikforschung: Potentiale für methodologische Neugestaltungen’, in (Dis-)Orienting Sounds – Machtkritische Perspektiven auf populäre Musik, ed. von Appen, R. and Dunkel, M. (Bielefeld, Transcript), pp. 28330410.1515/9783839450581-014CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dörfler, F. 2020. ‘Hybridität im österreichischen HipHop: Eine Szene, zwei Nationen und ein “dritter Raum”’, in One Nation Under a Groove. ‘Nation’ als Kategorie populärer Musik, ed. von Appen, R. and Hindrichs, T. (Bielefeld, Transcript), pp. 141–62CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dunkel, M. 2021. ‘“Dorfkind und stolz darauf”: Populismus in Musikkulturen als musikpädagogisches Handlungsfeld’, Die Tonkunst, 15/2, pp. 148–57Google Scholar
Dunkel, M., Barna, E., Caiani, M., Doehring, A., Niederauer, M., and Schiller, M. 2018. ‘Popular music and the mainstreaming of populist ideologies in Europe’, research proposal (unpublished)Google Scholar
Dunkel, M., Schiller, M., & Schwenck, A. (2021). ‘Researching popular music and the rise of populism in Europe’, in Turns and Revolutions in Popular Music: Proceedings from the XX Biennial Conference of IASPM, Canberra, Australia, 24th–28th June 2019, ed. Kärki, K. (Turku, International Institute for Popular Culture), pp. 3134Google Scholar
Everett, W. 1999. The Beatles as Musicians: Revolver through the Anthology (Oxford, Oxford University Press)Google Scholar
Fluch, K. 2020. ‘Andreas Gabalier: “Ich fühle mich beleidigt”’, Der Standard, 12 February. https://www.derstandard.at/story/2000122543476/andreas-gabalier-ich-fuehle-mich-beleidigt (accessed 3 February 2022)Google Scholar
Friedlander, P. 1996. Rock and Roll: A Social History (Boulder, CO, Westview Press)Google Scholar
Frith, S. 1996. Performing Rites. On the Value of Popular Music (Harvard, MA, Harvard University Press)Google Scholar
Ginkel, K., Schwenck, A., Schiller, M., Doehring, A., and Dunkel, M. 2022. ‘Populäre Musik als nationalistische Ressource? Vergleichende Schlaglichter auf AfD, FPÖ und die Schwedendemokraten (SD)’, in Pop the Nation! Das Nationale als Ressource und Argument in Kulturen populärer Unterhaltung und Vergnügung, ed. Spiritova, M. and Trummer, M. (Münster, Waxmann), forthcomingGoogle Scholar
Huber, M. 2017. Musikhören im Zeitalter Web 2.0. Theoretische Grundlagen und empirische Befunde (Wiesbaden, Springer)Google Scholar
Jacke, C., and Mendívil, J. 2019: ‘Heimat 2.0. Über Konstruktionen und Imaginationen von Beheimatung in der deutschsprachigen Schlagermusik’, in Heimatgedanken. Theologische und kulturwissenschaftliche Beiträge, ed. Brinkmann, F.T. and Hammann, J. (Wiesbaden, Springer), pp. 4566CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lehner, S., and Rheindorf, M. 2020. ‘Töchtersöhne und nationale Identität/en’, in Österreichische Identitäten im Wandel. Empirische Untersuchungen zu ihrer diskursiven Konstruktion 1919–2015, ed. de Cillia, R., Wodak, R., Rheindorf, M. and Lehner, S. (Wiesbaden, Springer), pp. 235–85CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lehner, S., and Wodak, R. 2020. ‘Nationalismus und Rechtspopulismus’, in Österreichische Identitäten im Wandel. Empirische Untersuchungen zu ihrer diskursiven Konstruktion, ed. de Cillia, R., Wodak, R., Rheindorf, M. and Lehner, S. (Wiesbaden, Springer), pp. 169204CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Moffitt, B. 2020. Populism (Cambridge, Polity)Google Scholar
Moore, A.F. 2005. ‘The persona-environment relation in recorded song’, Music Theory Online, 11/4. https://www.mtosmt.org/issues/mto.05.11.4/mto.05.11.4.moore.html (accessed 3 May 2022), pp. 114Google Scholar
Moore, A.F. 2012. Song Means. Analysing and Interpreting Recorded Popular Song (Farnham, Ashgate)Google Scholar
Mudde, C. 2019. The Far Right Today (Cambridge, Polity)Google Scholar
Mudde, C., and Rovira Kaltwasser, C. 2017. Populism. A Very Short Introduction (Oxford, Oxford University Press)10.1093/actrade/9780190234874.001.0001CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pelinka, A. 2005. ‘Right-wing populism plus “X”: the Austrian Freedom Party (FPÖ)’, in Challenges to Consensual Politics: Democracy, Identity, and Populist Protest in the Alpine Region, ed. Caramani, D. and Mény, Y. (Bern, Peter Lang), pp. 131–45Google Scholar
Reichertz, J. 2013. Gemeinsam interpretieren. Die Gruppeninterpretation als kommunikativer Prozess (Wiesbaden, Springer) 10.1007/978-3-658-02534-2CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Reichertz, J., and Bettmann, R. 2018: ‘Interpretationsgruppen oder: Gemeinsam interpretieren als komplexer Kollaborationsprozess’, in Wissenskulturen der Soziologie, ed. Poferl, A. and Keller, R. (Weinheim, Beltz Juventa), pp. 289301Google Scholar
Rheindorf, M., and Wodak, R. 2019. ‘“Austria first” revisited: a diachronic cross-sectional analysis of the gender and body politics of the extreme right’, Patterns of Prejudice, 53/3, pp. 302–2010.1080/0031322X.2019.1595392CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Richardson, J. 2017. ‘Recontextualization and fascist music’, in Music as Multimodal Discourse. Semiotics, Power and Protest, ed. Way, L.C.S. and McKerrell, S. (London, Bloomsbury), pp. 7194Google Scholar
Rockhill, G. 2011. ‘Rancière's productive contradictions. From the politics of aesthetics to the social politicity of artistic practice’, Symposium, 15/2, pp. 285610.5840/symposium201115227CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rösing, H. 2004. ‘Wie politisch kann Musik sein?’, in 9/11 – The World's All Out of Tune, ed. Helms, D. (Bielefeld, Transcript), pp. 155–6810.1515/9783839402566-011CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schmincke, I. 2019. ‘Body Politic – Biopolitik – Körperpolitik. Eine begriffsgeschichtliche Rekonstruktion der Body Politics’, Body Politics, 7/11, pp. 1540Google Scholar
Schütz, W. 2020. ‘Kulturforscher: “So funktioniert der Populismus von Andreas Gabalier”’, in Augsburger Allgemeine, 03 June 2020. https://www.augsburger-allgemeine.de/kultur/Interview-Kulturforscher-So-funktioniert-der-Populismus-von-Andreas-Gabalier-id56971516.html (accessed 3 February 2022)Google Scholar
Shekhovtsov, A. 2013. ‘European far-right music and its enemies’, in Analysing Fascist Discourse. European Fascism in Talk and Text, ed. Wodak, R. and Richardson, J. (London, Routledge), pp. 287306Google Scholar
Taggart, P. 2000. Populism (Maidenhead, Open University Press)Google Scholar
Wallnöfer, E. 2019. Heimat. Ein Vorschlag zur Güte (Innsbruck, Haymon)Google Scholar
Wicke, P. 2004. ‘Soundtracks. Popmusik und Pop-Diskurs’, in Was ist Pop? Zehn Versuche, ed. Grasskamp, W., Krützen, M. and Schmitt, S. (Frankfurt a. M., Fischer), pp. 115–39Google Scholar
Wodak, R. 2020. Politik mit der Angst. Die schamlose Normalisierung rechtspopulistischer und rechtsextremer Diskurse (Vienna, Edition Konturen)Google Scholar

Discography

Gabalier, A., ‘A Meinung haben’, Mountain Man. Stall-Records, 06025 4728410. 2015Google Scholar
Cash, J., ‘Ring of Fire’, Ring of Fire: The Best of Johnny Cash. Columbia, S 62171. 1963Google Scholar
Checker, Chubby, ‘Let's Twist Again’. Ariola, 45 255 A. 1961Google Scholar
Fendrich, R., ‘I Am from Austria’, Von Zeit zu Zeit. Ariola, 260 338. 1989Google Scholar
Josh., ‘Cordula Grün’, Warner Music, 5054197-0318-1-6. 2018Google Scholar
Klubbb3, ‘Du schaffst das schon’, Vorsicht unzensiert!. Electrola, 06025 4770352. 2016Google Scholar
Martha & The Vandellas, ‘Dancing in the Street’. CBS, 1621. 1964Google Scholar
Naschenweng, M., ‘I steh auf Bergbauernbuam’, Wirbelwind. Sony Music, 19075850962. 2019Google Scholar
Otti, W., ‘Immer wieder Österreich’. No label. 2016Google Scholar
Rauch, S., ft. Petutschnig Hons, ‘15er Steyr’. H&F Music, no catalogue number. 2019Google Scholar
STS, ‘Fürstenfeld’, Überdosis G'fühl. Amadeo, 821 796-1. 1984Google Scholar
FPÖ TV 2019. ‘Komplettaufzeichnung: FPÖ-EU-Wahlauftakt mit HC Strache und Harald Vilimsky!’, 26 April. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SCfahkDcoCs (accessed 22 January 2022)Google Scholar
FPÖ TV 2019. ‘Komplettaufzeichnung: FPÖ-EU-Wahlauftakt mit HC Strache und Harald Vilimsky!’, 26 April. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SCfahkDcoCs (accessed 22 January 2022)Google Scholar