Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-dk4vv Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-26T20:36:36.412Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

‘Shrieking soldiers … wiping clean the earth’: hearing apocalyptic environmentalism in the music of Botanist

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 October 2019

Olivia R. Lucas*
Affiliation:
College of Music and Dramatic Arts, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA E-mail: [email protected]

Abstract

This article presents a case study of ecocritical black metal, delving into the apocalypticism of the California-based black metal band Botanist, who conjures a world in which plants have violently destroyed human civilisation. It first contextualises Botanist amidst the broader current of environmentalism in extreme metal as well as within wider cultural explorations of plants as subjective beings capable of violence. The article then examines how Botanist taps into the logic of apocalyptic environmentalism, as the music presents the essential narrative of apocalyptic bioterrorism: humanity, with wanton hubris, has sown the seeds of its own destruction, and earned whatever horrors befall it on the way to elimination. With its bleak outlook and strident sound world, Botanist's music threatens to destabilise listeners’ assumptions about their place in the world and offers an example of what apocalyptic ecological urgency in music could sound like.

Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2019 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

References

Allen, A. 2011. ‘Prospects and problems for ecomusicology in confronting a crisis of culture’, Journal of the American Musicological Society, 64/2, pp. 414–24Google Scholar
Anonymous. 2005. ‘Gorgoroth singer sentenced to 14 months in prison’, Blabbermouth. http://www.blabbermouth.net/news/gorgoroth-singer-sentenced-to-14-months-in-prison/ (accessed 30 July 2018)Google Scholar
Anonymous. 2013. ‘Red Hot Chili Peppers show big love for Sea Shepherd at Big Day Out music festival’, Sea Shepherd. https://www.seashepherd.org.nz/news-and-commentary/news/sea-shepherd-s-red-hot-big-day-out-continued.html (accessed 28 April 2018)Google Scholar
Berlatsky, N. 2014. ‘An interview with black metal's green prophet (of doom)’, The Awl. http://www.theawl.com/2014/07/an-interview-with-black-metals-green-prophet (accessed 9 January 2015)Google Scholar
Bogue, R. 2004. ‘Violence in three shades of metal: death, doom and black’, in Deleuze and Music, ed. Buchanan, I. and Swiboda, M. (Edinburgh, Edinburgh University Press) pp. 95117Google Scholar
Botanist. 2012. ‘Botanist biography’. http://botanist.nu/biography.html (accessed 28 April 2018)Google Scholar
Buell, L. 1995. The Environmental Imagination: Thoreau, Nature Writing and the Formation of American Culture (Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press)Google Scholar
Carter, A. 2003. ‘Myths and mandrakes’, Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine, 96/3, pp. 144–47Google Scholar
El-Naqib, K. 2015. ‘Interview with Botanist’, Rock Era Magazine. http://www.rockeramagazine.com/mag/index.php/interviews/item/663-interview-with-botanist (accessed 28 April 2018)Google Scholar
Epp, A. 2015. ‘Classroom: heavy metal concert – an area of excess or a place of learning?’, in Modern Heavy Metal: Markets, Practices and Cultures, ed. Karjalainen, T. and Kärki, K. (Helsinki, Aalto University), pp. 7987Google Scholar
Evans, D. 1996. An Introductory Dictionary of Lacanian Psychoanalysis (London, Routledge)Google Scholar
Fortin, J. 2019. ‘Suspect in three black church fires in Louisiana is charged with hate crimes’, The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2019/04/16/us/louisiana-black-church-fire-hate-crime.html (accessed 22 April 2019)Google Scholar
Gaard, G., Estok, S., and Oppermann, S. 2013. International Perspectives in Feminist Ecocriticism (New York, Routledge)Google Scholar
Gagliano, K. 2019. ‘Accused St. Landry church arsonist facing hate crime charges; prosecutors present videos of fires found on his cell phone’, The Acadiana Advocate. https://www.theadvocate.com/acadiana/news/crime_police/article_714becaa-5f93-11e9-88cc-a3fce776cfcd.html (accessed 22 April 2019)Google Scholar
Garrard, G. 2012. Ecocriticism (New York, Routledge)Google Scholar
Garcia, L. 2010. ‘Pulsu(m) Plantae’,http://lessnullvoid.cc/pulsum/ (accessed 28 April 2018)Google Scholar
Gotrich, L. 2011. ‘Botanist: one-man, hammered dulcimer black metal (no, really)’, NPR: All Things Considered. http://www.npr.org/sections/allsongs/2011/09/02/140122676/botanist-one-man-hammered-dulcimer-black-metal-no-really (accessed 28 April 2018)Google Scholar
Grimley, D. 2008. ‘Ecocriticism and musicology’, Colloquium at the Annual Meeting of the American Musicological Society, Nashville, TN, 6–9 NovemberGoogle Scholar
Hagen, R. 2011. ‘Ideology and mythology in Norwegian black metal’, in Metal Rules the Globe: Heavy Metal Music Around the World, ed. Wallach, J., Berger, H. and Greene, P. (Durham, NC, Duke University Press) pp. 180–99Google Scholar
Hegarty, P. 2007. Noise/music: a history (New York, Continuum)Google Scholar
Hoffart, K. 2011. ‘Deposition: Botanist’, Full Metal Attorney. http://fullmetalattorney.blogspot.co.nz/2011/09/deposition-botanist.html (accessed 28 April 2018)Google Scholar
Jensen, M. 2008. ‘“Feed me!” Power struggles and the portrayal of race in Little Shop of Horrors’, Cinema Journal, 48/1, pp. 5167Google Scholar
Josephus, F. 1998. Josephus: The Complete Works, trans. Whiston, W. (Nashville, TN, Thomas Nelson)Google Scholar
Kahn-Harris, K. 2007. Extreme Metal: Music and Culture on the Edge (New York, Berg)Google Scholar
Lucas, C., Deeks, M. and Spracklen, K. 2011. ‘Grim up northern England, northern Europe and black metal’, Journal for Cultural Research, 15/3, pp. 279–95Google Scholar
Lovelock, J. 1979. Gaia: A New Look at Life on Earth (Oxford, Oxford University Press)Google Scholar
Lucas, O. 2014. ‘Transcendentalism and deep ecology in American black metal’, at Annual Meeting of the Society for American Music, Lancaster, PA, 6–9 MarchGoogle Scholar
Lucas, O. 2015. ‘Kentucky: sound, environment, history – black metal and Appalachian coal culture’, in Modern Heavy Metal: Markets Practices and Cultures (Helsinki, Aalto University and Turku, International Institute for Popular Culture)Google Scholar
Lucas, O. 2016. ‘Loudness, rhythm and environment: analytical issues in extreme metal music’, PhD Dissertation, Harvard UniversityGoogle Scholar
Mabey, R. 2015. The Cabaret of Plants: Botany and the Imagination (London, Norton)Google Scholar
Masciandaro, N., and Negarestani, R. 2014. ‘Black metal commentary’, in Hideous Gnosis: Black Metal Symposium I, pp. 267–76Google Scholar
McSweeney, T. 2013. ‘“Each night is darker beyond darkness”: the environmental and spiritual apocalypse of The Road (2009)’, Journal of Film and Video, 65/4, pp. 4258Google Scholar
Morton, T. 2013. ‘At the edge of the smoking pool of death: wolves in the throne room’, Helvete: A Journal of Black Metal Theory, 1, pp. 21–8Google Scholar
Moynihan, M., and Søderlind, D. 2003. Lords of Chaos: The Bloody Rise of the Satanic Metal Underground (Los Angeles, CA, Feral House)Google Scholar
Murphy, P. 2018. ‘Lessons from the zombie apocalypse in global popular culture: an environmental discourse approach to The Walking Dead’, Environmental Communication, 12/1, pp. 4457Google Scholar
Nelson, M. 2012. ‘Leviathan's Jef Whitehead sentenced to two years probation’, Stereogum. https://www.stereogum.com/1072852/leviathans-jef-whitehead-sentenced-to-two-years-probation/news/#respond (accessed 30 July 2018)Google Scholar
Pattison, L. 2012. ‘“Humanity is doomed”: the Botanist interviewed’, The Quietus. http://thequietus.com/articles/07988-botanist-interview-black-metal (accessed 28 April 2018)Google Scholar
Phillipov, M. 2012. Death Metal and Music Criticism: Analysis at the Limits (Plymouth, Lexington Books)Google Scholar
Pratt, S. 2016. ‘Black-noise: the throb of the Anthropocene’, Helvete: A Journal of Black Metal Theory, 3, pp. 1539Google Scholar
Rehding, A. 2011. ‘Ecomusicology between apocalypse and nostalgia’, Journal of the American Musicological Society, 64/2, pp. 409–14Google Scholar
Reyes, I. 2013. ‘Blacker than death: recollecting the “black turn” in metal aesthetics’, Journal of Popular Music Studies, 25/2, pp. 240–57Google Scholar
Roosth, S. 2009. ‘Screaming yeast, cytoplasmic milieus, and cellular subjectivities’, Critical Inquiry, 35/2, pp. 332–50Google Scholar
Scott, N. 2014a. ‘Black confessions and Absu-lution’, in Hideous Gnosis: Black Metal Theory Symposium I, pp. 180232Google Scholar
Scott, N. 2014b. ‘Blackening the green’, in Melancology: Black Metal Theory and Ecology, ed. Wilson, S. (Winchester, Zero Books), pp. 6579Google Scholar
Scranton, R. 2015. Learning to Die in the Anthropocene: Reflections on the End of Civilization (San Francisco, CA, City Light Books)Google Scholar
Smialek, E. 2016. ‘Genre and expression in extreme metal music, ca. 1990–2015’, PhD Dissertation, McGill UniversityGoogle Scholar
Snaza, N. 2016. ‘Leaving the self behind’, Helvete: A Journal of Black Metal Theory, 3, pp. 8198Google Scholar
Soles, C. 2014. ‘“And no birds sing”: discourses of environmental apocalypse in The Birds and Night of the Living Dead’, ISLE: Interdisciplinary Studies in Literature and Environment, 21/3, pp. 526–37Google Scholar
Soper, K. 1995. What is Nature?: Culture, Politics and the Non-Human (Oxford, Blackwell)Google Scholar
Stein, R. 2013. ‘Sex, population, and environmental eugenics in Margaret Atwood's Oryx and Crake and The Year of the Flood’, International Perspectives in Feminist Ecocriticism, ed. Gaard, G., Estok, S. and Oppermann, S., (New York, Routledge) pp. 184202Google Scholar
Tompkins, P. and Bird, C. 1973. The Secret Life of Plants (New York, Harper and Row)Google Scholar
Van Ooijen, E. 2015. ‘Giving life harmoniously: animal inversion in Cattle Decapitation’, Helvete: A Journal of Black Metal Theory, 2, pp. 7392Google Scholar
Wilson, S. 2014. ‘Introduction to melancology’, in Melancology: Black Metal Theory and Ecology (Winchester, Zero Books)Google Scholar
Wohlleben, P. 2015. Das geheime Leben der Bäume: Was sie fühlen, wie sie kommunizieren – die Entdeckung einer verborgenen Welt (Munich, Ludwig Verlag)Google Scholar
Wright, L. 2015. ‘Vegans, zombies and eco-apocalypse: McCarthy's The Road and Atwood's The Year of the Flood’, ISLE: Interdisciplinary Studies in Literature and Environment, 22/3, pp. 507–24Google Scholar
Wyndham, J. 1951. The Day of the Triffids (London: Michael Joseph)Google Scholar

Discography

Botanist, I: The Suicide Tree. Tumult Records. 2011Google Scholar
Botanist, II: A Rose from the Dead. Tumult Records. 2011Google Scholar
Botanist, III: Doom in Bloom. Totalrust Music. 2012Google Scholar
Botanist, IV: Mandragora. The Flenser. 2013Google Scholar
Botanist, VI: Flora. The Flenser. 2014Google Scholar
Carcass, ‘Pungent Excruciation’, Reek of Putrefaction. Earache Records. 1988Google Scholar
Carcass, ‘Ruptured in Purulence’, Symphonies of Sickness, Earache Records. 1989Google Scholar
Cattle Decapitation, Anthropocene Extinction. Metal Blade Records. 2015Google Scholar
Genesis, ‘Return of the Giant Hogweed’, Nursery Cryme. Charisma. 1971Google Scholar
Gojira, From Mars to Sirius. Listenable Records. 2005Google Scholar
Gojira, The Way of All Flesh. Listenable Records. 2008Google Scholar
Panopticon, Kentucky. Nordvis. 2012Google Scholar
UnexpecT, ‘Orange Vigilantes’, Fables of The Sleepless Empire. Independent. 2011Google Scholar