Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-g8jcs Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-20T13:34:55.707Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Population and the Demise of Cheap Energy

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  17 May 2016

Andrew R. B. Ferguson*
Affiliation:
Optimum Population Trust, United Kingdom
Get access

Abstract

Standard of living is determined in part by the availability of ecological resources, and in part by the availability of “cheap energy.” The demise of cheap energy is likely to occur during the twenty-first century. Gradually, over this time, humans will be restricted to using renewable natural capital. Reliance on renewable energy sources will require a reduction in population to within the range of 1.5 to 3 billion people in order to maintain what most of us would regard as an adequate lifestyle. Attention is drawn to the need for nations to exercise sovereign responsibility.

Type
Commentary
Copyright
Copyright © Association for Politics and the Life Sciences 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Abernethy, V. (1993). Population Politics: The Choices that Shape Our Future. New York: Plenum.Google Scholar
Aubrey, C., Grünberg, D., and Hildyard, N., eds. (1991–93). Nuclear Power, Shut It Down!: An Information Pack on Nuclear Power and the Alternatives. Two volumes. New Madden, England: The Ecologist.Google Scholar
Bartlett, A.A. (1994). “Fusion: An Illusion or a Practical Source of Energy?” Carrying Capacity Network, Clearinghouse Bulletin, January.Google Scholar
Brown, L.R., Flavin, C., French, H., et al. (1999). State of the World, 1999. New York: W.W. Norton.Google Scholar
Campbell, C.J. (1997). The Coming Oil Crisis. Essex, UK: Multi-Science Publishing Company & Petroconsultants S.A.Google Scholar
Durrant, P.J. (1953). General and Inorganic Chemistry. London and New York: Longmans, Green.Google Scholar
Engelman, R. (1994). Stabilizing the Atmosphere: Population, Consumption and Greenhouse Gases. Washington, DC: Population Action International.Google Scholar
Engelman, R. and LeRoy, P. (1995). Conserving Land: Population and Sustainable Food Production. Washington, DC: Population Action International.Google Scholar
Ehrlich, P.R., Ehrlich, A.H., and Daily, G.C. (1998). The Stork and the Plow: The Equity Answer to the Human Dilemma. New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons.Google Scholar
Ferguson, A.R.B. (1998). World Carrying Capacity: An Interim Report. Manchester, UK: Optimum Population Trust. Archived atwww.members.aol.com/optjournal/cc3.doc.Google Scholar
Ferguson, A.R.B. (1999a). Sugarcane and Energy. Manchester, UK: Optimum Population Trust.Google Scholar
Ferguson, A.R.B. (1999b). “The Logical Foundations of Ecological Footprints.” Environment, Development and Sustainability 2:149–56.Google Scholar
Ferguson, A.R.B. (2001). “Perceiving the Population Bomb.” WorldWatch (July/August):3639.Google Scholar
Fleay, B. (1995). The Decline of the Age of Oil. Annandale, NSW: Pluto Press Australia.Google Scholar
Gever, J., Kaufman, R., Skole, D., and Vörösmarty, C. (1986). Beyond Oil: The Threat to Food and Fuel in the Coming Decades. Niwot, CO: University Press of Colorado.Google Scholar
Gever, J., Kaufman, R., Skole, D., and Vörösmarty, C. (1991). Beyond Oil: The Threat to Food and Fuel in the Coming Decades. Niwot, CO: University Press of Colorado.Google Scholar
Giampietro, M., Ulgiati, S., and Pimentel, D. (1997). “Feasibility of Large-Scale Biofuel Production: Does an Enlargement of Scale Change the Picture?” Bioscience 47:587600.Google Scholar
Grossman, K. (2001). “Disgrace into Space.” The Ecologist 31 (2):3438.Google Scholar
Hardin, G. (1968). “The Tragedy of the Commons.” Science 162:1243–48.Google Scholar
Hardin, G. (1993). Living within Limits: Ecology, Economics, and Population Taboos. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
International Energy Agency (1998). “World Energy Propects to 2020.” Paper prepared for the G8 energy ministers' meeting, Moscow, March 31–April 1.Google Scholar
Ivanhoe, L.F. (1996). “Updated Hubbert Curves Analyse World Oil Supply.” World Oil (November):9194.Google Scholar
McLaren, D., Bullock, S., and Nusrat, Y. (1997). Tomorrow's World. London: Earthscan.Google Scholar
Parsons, J. (1997) “Reflections on the Downsizing of Humanity.” Politics and the Life Sciences 16:213–16.Google Scholar
Parsons, J. (1998). Human Population Competition: A Study of the Pursuit of Power through Numbers. Lewiston, NY: Edwin Mellen Press.Google Scholar
Pimentel, D. and Pimentel, M. (1996). Food, Energy, and Society. Revised edition. Niwot, CO: University Press of Colorado.Google Scholar
Pimentel, D., Giampietro, M., and Bukkens, S.G.F. (1998). “An Optimum Population for North and Latin America.” Population and Environment 20 (2):125–48.Google Scholar
Pimentel, D., Bailey, O., Kim, P., Mullaney, E., Calabrese, J., Walman, L., Nelson, F., and Yao, X. (1999). “Will Limits of the Earth's Resources Control Human Numbers?” Environment, Development and Sustainability 1:1939.Google Scholar
Ponting, C. (1992). A Green History of the World. London: Penquin.Google Scholar
Prugh, T., Costanza, R., Cumberland, J.H., Daly, H., Goodland, R., and Norgaard, R.B. (1995). Natural Capital and Human Economic Survival. Solomons, MD: ISEE Press.Google Scholar
Re-Feng, T. (1997) “Birth Control as an International Program.” Politics and the Life Sciences 16:222–23.Google Scholar
Roberts, F. (1999). Sixty Years of Nuclear History. Oxfordshire: Jon Carpenter Publishing.Google Scholar
Smail, J.K. (1997). “Beyond Population Stabilization: The Case for Dramatically Reducing Global Human Numbers.” Politics and the Life Sciences 16:183–92.Google Scholar
Smail, J.K. (1997). “Population Growth Seems to Affect Everything But Is Seldom Held Responsible for Anything.” Politics and the Life Sciences 16:231–36.Google Scholar
Smil, V. (1993). Global Ecology: Environmental Change and Social Flexibility. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Wackernagel, M. (1997). Ecological Footprints of Nations: How Much Nature Do They Use? How Much Nature Do They Have? [Computer File]. Xalapa, Mexico: Center for Sustainability Studies.Google Scholar
World Wildlife Fund (2000). Living Planet Report 2000. Gland, Switzerland: WWF-WorldWide Fund for Nature. This 32 page booklet was produced by the World Wide Fund for Nature International (Switzerland) together with the UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Center (UK), the Center for Sustainability Studies (Mexico), and Redefining Progress (USA). It can be downloaded from <http://panda.org/livingplanet/lpr00/>..>Google Scholar
Youngquist, W. (1997). GeoDestinies. Portland, OR: National Book Company.Google Scholar