Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-2plfb Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-27T11:19:37.888Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Religious Nationalism and Perceptions of Muslims and Islam

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 June 2015

Allyson F. Shortle  and
Ronald Keith Gaddie
Allyson F. Shortle*
Affiliation:
The University of Oklahoma
Ronald Keith Gaddie*
Affiliation:
The University of Oklahoma
*
Address correspondence and reprint requests to: Allyson F. Shortle, Department of Political Science, The University of Oklahoma, 205 Dale Hall Tower, Norman, OK 73019. E-mail: [email protected]; or Ronald Keith Gaddie, Department of Political Science, The University of Oklahoma, 205 Dale Hall Tower, Norman, OK 73019. E-mail: [email protected]
Address correspondence and reprint requests to: Allyson F. Shortle, Department of Political Science, The University of Oklahoma, 205 Dale Hall Tower, Norman, OK 73019. E-mail: [email protected]; or Ronald Keith Gaddie, Department of Political Science, The University of Oklahoma, 205 Dale Hall Tower, Norman, OK 73019. E-mail: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

We test for relationships between anti-Muslim attitudes and opinion and competing religious identity and religious belief variables in an evangelical Christian constituency. Original survey data from a statewide sample of 508 likely voters in Oklahoma are subjected to a robust regression analysis to determine (1) indicators of holding Christian nationalist beliefs and (2) the relationship between belief measures of Christian nationalism, evangelical Christian identity, and subsequent anti-Muslim sentiment. Christian nationalism is more prevalent among self-identified evangelicals. Christian nationalist beliefs and strong belief in Biblical literalism are significantly related to negative and restrictive views of Muslims. Anti-Muslim sentiments in the form of general disapproval and the desire to limit Muslim worship are shaped more by beliefs than identities or behaviors. Evangelical self-identification does not help us disentangle domestic opinion regarding Muslims as well as measures that disentangle beliefs from identity.

Type
Articles
Information
Politics and Religion , Volume 8 , Issue 3 , September 2015 , pp. 435 - 457
Copyright
Copyright © Religion and Politics Section of the American Political Science Association 2015 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Abu-Ras, Wahiba M., and Suarez, Zulema E.. 2009. “Muslim Men and Women's Perception of Discrimination, Hate Crimes, and PTSD Symptoms Post 9/11.” Traumatology 15:48–63.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Akhtar, Iqbal. 2011. “Race and Religion in the Political Problematization of the American Muslim.” PS: Political Science and Politics 44:768–774.Google Scholar
Carroll, Bret E. 2012. “Worlds in Space: American Religious Pluralism in Geographic Perspective.” Journal of the American Academy of Religion 80:304–364.Google Scholar
Chapp, Christopher, and Goren, Paul. 2014. “Politics → Religion: Attitudes on Cultural Issues as a Cause of Religious Change.” Presented at the Annual Meeting of the Midwest Political Science Association, Chicago.Google Scholar
Chinni, Dante, and Gimpel, James. 2010. Our Patchwork Nation: The Surprising Truth about the “Real” America. New York, NY: Gotham.Google Scholar
Clarke, Steve, Powell, Russell, and Savulescu, Julian. 2013. Religion, Intolerance, and Conflict: A Scientific and Conceptual Investigation. Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dhamoon, Rita, and Abu-Laban, Yasmeen. 2009. “Dangerous (Internal) Foreigners and Nation-Building: The Case of Canada. International Political Science Review 30:163–183.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ellison, G. Christopher, and Musick, Marc A.. 1993. “Southern Intolerance: A Fundamentalist Effect?” Social Forces 72:379–398.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gallup. 2011. “Islamophobia: Understanding Anti-Muslim Sentiment in the West.” http://www.gallup.com/poll/157082/islamophobia-understanding-anti-muslim-sentiment-west.aspx (Accessed on Month Day, Year).Google Scholar
GhaneaBassiri, Kambiz. 2010. A History of Islam in the United States. New York, NY: Cambridge.Google Scholar
Gibson, James. 1992. “Alternative Measures of Political Tolerance: Must Tolerance Be Least-Liked?” American Journal of Political Science 36:560–577.Google Scholar
Gibson, James. 2008. “Intolerance and Political Repression in the United States: A Half Century after McCarthyism.” American Journal of Political Science 52:96–108.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Guth, James L. 2006. “Religion and Foreign Policy Attitudes: The Case of the Bush Doctrine.” Presented at the Annual Meeting of the Midwest Political Science Association.Google Scholar
Guth, James L. 2012. “Religion and American Public Attitudes on War and Peace.” Asian Journal of Peacebuilding 1:227–252.Google Scholar
Hewstone, Miles, Rubin, Mark, and Willis, Hazel. 2002. “Intergroup Bias.” Annual Review of Psychology 53:575–604.Google Scholar
Iqbal, Zafar, 2010. “Islamophobia or Islamophobias: Towards Developing A Process Model.” Islamic Studies 49:81–101.Google Scholar
Jacobs, Carly M., and Theiss-Morse, Elizabeth, 2013. “Belonging in a ‘Christian Nation’: The Explicit and Implicit Associations between Religion and National Group Membership.” Politics and Religion 6:373–401.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Judis, John B. 2005. “The Chosen Nation: The Influence of Religion on U.S. Foreign Policy.” Carnegie Endowment for International Peace Policy Brief No. 37.Google Scholar
Kalkan, Kerem Ozan, Layman, Geoffrey C., and Uslaner, Eric M.. 2009. “‘Bands of Others’? Attitudes toward Muslims in Contemporary American Society.” The Journal of Politics 71:847–862.Google Scholar
Kellstedt, Lyman A., and Greene, John C.. 1993. “Knowing God's Many People: Denominational Preference and Political Behavior.” In Rediscovering the Religion Factor in American Politics, eds. Leege, David C., and Kellstedt, Lyman A.. Armonk, NY: M.E. Sharpe.Google Scholar
Khan, Mussarat, and Ecklund, Kathryn. 2012. “Attitudes Toward Muslim Americans Post-9/11.” Journal of Muslim Mental Health 7:1–16.Google Scholar
Layman, Geoffrey C., Kalkan, Kerem Ozan, and Green, John C.. 2014. “A Muslim President? Misperceptions of Barack Obama's Faith in the 2008 Presidential Campaign.” Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion 53:534–555.Google Scholar
Lieven, Anatol. 2012. America Right or Wrong: An Anatomy of American Nationalism. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Manis, Andrew. 2005. “Southern Civil Religions.” In Religion and Public Life in the South: In the Evangelical Mode, eds. Wilson, Charles Reagan, and Silk, Mark. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield Press, 165–194.Google Scholar
Margolis, Michele F., 2015. “Rethinking the Relationship between Religion and Politics: A Test of the Life Cycle Theory.” Unpublished manuscript.Google Scholar
Mayer, Jeremy D. 2004. “Christian Fundamentalists and Public Opinion toward the Middle East: Israel's New Best Friends?” Social Science Quarterly 85:695–712.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McCartney, Paul T. 2004. “American Nationalism and U.S. Foreign Policy from September 11 to the Iraq War.” Political Science Quarterly 119:399–423.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McCarus, Ernest Nasseph. 1994. The Development of Arab-American Identity. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McDaniel, Eric Leon, Nooruddin, Irfan, and Shortle, Allyson F.. 2011. “Divide Boundaries: How Religion Shapes Citizens’ Attitudes Toward Immigrants.” American Politics Research 39:205–233.Google Scholar
Nyang, Sulayman S. 1999. Islam in the United States of America. Chicago, IL: Kazi Publications.Google Scholar
Panagolpoulos, Costas. 2006. “The Polls—Trends: Arab and Muslim Americans and Islam in the Aftermath of 9/11.” Public Opinion Quarterly 70:608–624.Google Scholar
Patrikios, Stratos, 2008. “American Republican Religion? Disentangling the Causal Link between Religion and Politics in the US.” Political Behavior 30:367–389.Google Scholar
Patrikios, Stratos. 2013. “Self-stereotyping as ‘Evangelical Republican’: An Empirical Test.” Politics and Religion 6:800–822.Google Scholar
Pew Research Center. 2010. “Public Remains Conflicted Over Islam.” http://www.pewforum.org/2010/08/24/public-remains-conflicted-over-islam/ (Accessed on Month Day, Year).Google Scholar
Smidt, Corwin E., Kellstedt, Lyman A., and Guth, James L.. 2009. “The Role of Religion in American Politics: Explanatory Theories and Associated Analytical and Measurement issues.” In The Oxford Handbook of Religion and American Politics, eds. Guth, James L., Kellstedt, Lyman A., and Smidt, Corwin E.. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Stouffer, Samuel A. 1955. Communism, Conformity, and Civil Liberties. New York, NY: Doubleday.Google Scholar
Sullivan, John L., Piereson, James, and Marcus, George E.. 1982. Political Tolerance and American Democracy. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Tajfel, H., and Turner, J. C.. 1979. “An Integrative Theory of Intergroup Conflict.” In The Social Psychology of Intergroup Relations, eds. Austin, W. G., and Worchel, S.. Monterey, CA: Brooks-Cole.Google Scholar
Theiss-Morse, Elizabeth. 2009. Who Counts as American? The Boundaries of National Identity. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Wert, Justin J. 2011. Habeas Corpus in America: The Politics of Individual Rights. Lawrence, KS: University Press of Kansas.Google Scholar
Younis, Mohammed. 2009. “Muslim Americans Exemplify Diversity, Potential.” www.gallup.com/poll/116260/Muslims-Exemplify-Diversity-Potential.apx (Accessed on Month Day, Year).Google Scholar