Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-t5tsf Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-03T08:42:34.774Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Which Electoral Formula Is the Most Proportional? A New Look with New Evidence

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  04 January 2017

Kenneth Benoit*
Affiliation:
Department of Political Science, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland. e-mail: [email protected], http://benoit.tcd.ie

Abstract

A ranking exists in electoral systems research of different electoral formulas—the mathematical functions governing the conversion of votes into legislative seats—in terms of both proportionality of seats and votes and favorability to the largest party. I reexamine this issue with new methods and new evidence, attempting to cross-validate previous rankings using a larger and more controlled data set and more precise parametric methods than have been applied previously. The results by and large confirm previous knowledge but also illuminate several important new facets obscured in previous investigations. For example, at common ranges of district magnitude (from 5 to 15 seats), it is shown that electoral formula may matter at least as much as district magnitude in shaping proportionality.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © 2000 by the Society for Political Methodology 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Amorim-Neto, Octavio, and Cox, Gary W. 1997. “Electoral Institutions, Cleavage Structures, and the Number of Parties.” American Journal of Political Science 41.Google Scholar
Benoit, Kenneth. 2000. “District Magnitude, Electoral Formula, and the Number of Parties.” European Journal of Political Research (in press).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Blondel, J. 1969. An Introduction to Comparative Government. London: Weidenfeld and Nicholson.Google Scholar
Cox, Gary. 1997. Making Votes Count: Strategic Coordination in the World's Electoral Systems. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gallagher, Michael. 1991. “Proportionality, Disproportionality, and Electoral Systems.” Electoral Studies 10: 3351.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gallagher, Michael. 1992. “Comparing Proportional Representation Electoral Systems: Quotas, Thresholds, Paradoxes and Majorities.” British Journal of Political Science 22: 469496.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Greene, William H. 1993. Econometric Analysis, 2nd ed. New York: Macmillan.Google Scholar
Lijphart, Arend. 1986. “Degrees of Proportionality of Proportional Representation Formulas.” In Electoral Laws and Their Political Consequences, ed. Grofman, Bernard and Lijphart, Arend. New York: Agathon Press.Google Scholar
Lijphart, Arend. 1994. A Study of Twenty-Seven Democracies 1945–1990. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Loosemore, John, and Hanby, Vincent. 1971. “The Theoretical Limits of Maximum Distortion: Some Analytic Expressions for Electoral Systems.” British Journal of Political Science 1: 467477.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Taagepera, Rein, and Laasko, Markku. 1980. “Proportionality Profiles of West European Electoral Systems.” European Journal of Political Research 8: 423446.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Taagepera, Rein, and Shugart, Matthew S. 1989. Seats and Votes: The Effects and Determinants of Electoral Systems. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.Google Scholar