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Bias from Network Misspecification Under Spatial Dependence

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  23 November 2020

Timm Betz ,
Scott J. Cook Open the ORCID record for Scott J. Cook [Opens in a new window]  and
Florian M. Hollenbach
Timm Betz
Affiliation:
Bavarian School of Public Policy, TUM School of Governance, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany. Email: [email protected], URL: timm-betz.de
Scott J. Cook*
Affiliation:
Department of Political Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX77843, USA. Email: [email protected], URL: http://www.scottjcook.net
Florian M. Hollenbach
Affiliation:
Department of Political Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX77843, USA. Email: [email protected], URL: http://www.fhollenbach.org
*
Corresponding author Scott J. Cook
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Abstract

The prespecification of the network is one of the biggest hurdles for applied researchers in undertaking spatial analysis. In this letter, we demonstrate two results. First, we derive bounds for the bias in nonspatial models with omitted spatially-lagged predictors or outcomes. These bias expressions can be obtained without prior knowledge of the network, and are more informative than familiar omitted variable bias formulas. Second, we derive bounds for the bias in spatial econometric models with nondifferential error in the specification of the weights matrix. Under these conditions, we demonstrate that an omitted spatial input is the limit condition of including a misspecificed spatial weights matrix. Simulated experiments further demonstrate that spatial models with a misspecified weights matrix weakly dominate nonspatial models. Our results imply that, where cross-sectional dependence is presumed, researchers should pursue spatial analysis even with limited information on network ties.

Keywords

spatial dependenceboundsomitted variablesmeasurement error
Type
Letter
Information
Political Analysis , Volume 29 , Issue 2 , April 2021 , pp. 260 - 266
Copyright
© The Author(s) 2020. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of the Society for Political Methodology

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Footnotes

Edited by Jeff Gill

References

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https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/ADIFOV
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Betz et al. Supplementary Materials

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