Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-dlnhk Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-24T02:40:57.940Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Alaska's subsistence management regimes

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 October 2009

Richard A. Caulfield
Richard A. Caulfield
Affiliation:
University of Alaska Fairbanks, Department of Rural Development Fairbanks, Alaska 99775, USA
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Alaskans disagree sharply over the issue of a subsistence priority for hunting and fishing by rural residents, including most Alaskan Eskimos, Aleuts, and Indians. The issue highlights competing visions of Alaska's future; one based upon Euroamerican values and the other on indigenous rights and customary law. Recent political and legal developments, particularly the Alaska Supreme Court's 1989 McDowell decision invalidating the state of Alaska's rural priority, have undermined significantly subsistence protections. Failure of the state to restore this priority led the US federal government to take over subsistence management under provisions of the Alaska National Interest Lands Conservation Act (PL 96–487). For Alaska's indigenous peoples, these events make clear the limitations of relying solely on state and federal governments for protecting subsistence. Efforts are underway to strengthen tribal governments and assert limited jurisdiction over hunting and fishing. A major goal is to achieve standing for negotiations with state and federal authorities over future co-management of subsistence resources.

Type
Articles
Information
Polar Record , Volume 28 , Issue 164 , January 1992 , pp. 23 - 32
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1992

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Alaska Department of Fish and Game. 1990a. Caribou— Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Division of Wildlife Conservation, federal aid in wildlife restoration, annual report of survey-inventory activities, 1 July 1988–30 June 1989. Juneau, Division of Wildlife Conservation 22 (11), Project W-23–2, Study 3. 0.Google Scholar
Alaska Department of Fish and Game. 1990b. Implementation of tier II subsistence hunting regulations, 1990; a reporttothe jointboards offisheries and game. Juneau, Division of Subsistence.Google Scholar
Alaska Department of Labor. 1989. Alaska population overview: 1986 and provisional 1987 estimates. Juneau, State of Alaska and Alaska Department of Labor.Google Scholar
Alaska Legal Services Corporation. 1990. Current status of subsistence-related cases, October 18, 1990. Paper prepared for Alaska Federation of Natives 1990 Annual Convention. Anchorage, 25–27 October 1990.Google Scholar
Alaska Federation of Natives. 1990a. Special issue, subsistence. AFN News letter 8 (2). Anchorage, Alaska Federation of Natives.Google Scholar
Alaska Federation of Natives. 1990b. Updated subsistence cases—AFN convention guide. Anchorage, Alaska Federation of Natives 1990 Annual Convention. 25–27 October 1990.Google Scholar
Alaska Outdoor Council. 1990. Policy 2–83, amended 85/86\90: fish and wildlife management. Alaska Outdoor Council policy adopted in Palmer, Alaska. 1 04April 1990.Google Scholar
Alaska State Legislature. 1978. An act relating to fish and game management. SLA 151. Juneau, Alaska State Legislature.Google Scholar
Alaska State Legislature. 1981. Draft report of the special committee on subsistence; historyand implementation of chapter 151 SLA 1978, the state's subsistence law. Juneau, Special Committee on Subsistence, Alaska House of Representatives, First Session, Twelfth Legislature. 15 May 1981.Google Scholar
Anonymous. 1991. Native group wins contract. Anchorage Daily News. 4 August 1991: D–2.Google Scholar
Atkinson, K. 1987. The Alaska National Interest Lands Conservation Act: striking the balance in favor of ‘customary and traditional’ subsistence uses by Alaska Natives. Natural Resources Journal 21 (2): 421–40.Google Scholar
Berger, T. R. 1985. Village Journey: the report of the Alaska Native Review Commission. New York, Hill and Wang.Google Scholar
Bishop, M. 1990. Guest editorial: rural subsistence priority and Native sovereignty. Out of Doors in Alaska. Fairbanks, Alaska Outdoor Council.Google Scholar
Case, D. 1984. Alaska natives and American laws. Fairbanks, University of Alaska Press.Google Scholar
Case, D. 1989. Subsistence and self-determination: can Alaska Natives have a more ‘effective voice’. University of Colorado Law Review (Natural Resources Issue 60 (4): 1009–35.Google Scholar
Conn, S. and Garber, B. K. 1990. State enforcement of Alaska Native tribal law: the congressional mandate of the Alaska National Interest Lands Conservation Act. In: 1989 Harvard Indian Law Symposium. Cambridge, Harvard Law School Publications Center.Google Scholar
Dryzek, J. and Young, O. R. 1985. Internal colonialism in the circumpolar North: the case of Alaska. Development and Change 16: 123–45.Google Scholar
Federal Subsistence Board. 1991. Temporary subsistence management regulations for federal public lands in Alaska (game, fish and shellfish), effective July 1, 1991 through June 30, 1992. Anchorage, Federal Subsistence Board.Google Scholar
Fischer, V. 1975. Alaska's constitutional convention. Fairbanks, University of Alaska Press.Google Scholar
Freeman, M. M. R. 1989. The Alaska Eskimo Whaling Commission: successful co-management under extreme conditions. In: Pinkerton, E. (editor) Co-operative management of local fisheries; new directions for improved management and community development. Vancouver, University of British Columbia: 137–53.Google Scholar
Gallagher, T. J. and Gasbarro, A. F. 1989. The battles for Alaska: planning in America's last wilderness. Journal of the American Planning Association 55 (4): 433–44.Google Scholar
Griffiths, F. and Young, O. R. 1989. Sustainable development and the Arctic — impressions of the co-chairs. Report of the Working Group on Arctic International Relations, Second Session, llulissat and Nuuk, Greenland, 20–24 April 1989.Google Scholar
Langdon, S. J. 1984. Alaska Native subsistence: current regulatory regimes and issues. Anchorage, Alaska Native Review Commission.Google Scholar
Langdon, S. J. 1989. Prospects for co-management of marine animals in Alaska. In: Pinkerton, E. (editor), Cooperative management of local fisheries; new directions for improved management and community development. Vancouver, University of British Columbia Press: 154–69.Google Scholar
Lonner, T. 1986. Holding our ground—subsistence and the law. Testimony presented to Alaska Native Review Commission. Audiocassette. Anchorage, Western Media Productions.Google Scholar
Morehouse, T. A. 1989. Sovereignty, tribal government, and the Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act amendments of 1987. Polar Record 25 (154): 197–206.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Noble, H. 1987. Tribal powers to regulate hunting in Alaska. Alaska Law Review 4 (11): 223–75.Google Scholar
Osherenko, G. 1988. Sharing powerwith Native users:comanagement regimes for Arctic wildlife. Ottawa, Canadian Arctic Resources Committee.Google Scholar
Polasky, R. 1991. Governor's task force on subsistence, update. The Rur ALCAP Report1(1): 1–2. Anchorage, Rural Alaska Community Action Program.Google Scholar
Smith, E. and Kancewik, M. 1990. The tribal status of Alaska Natives. University of Colorado Law Review 61 (3): 455–516.Google Scholar
State of Alaska. 1990. Administrative order 123. Juneau, Office of the Governor. 10 September 1990.Google Scholar
US District Court. 1990a. Kluti Kaah Native Village of Copper Center etal. v. State of Alaska etal. Anchorage. Case no. A90–001. Filed 31 July 1990.Google Scholar
US District Court. 1990b. Kwethluk IRA council v. State of Alaskaetal. —preliminaryinjunction. Anchorage. Case no. A90–107. Filed 4 April 1990.Google Scholar
US District Court. 1990c. Arctic Regional Fish and Game Council etal. v. Lujan etal. Case no. A90–419. Filed 15 October 1990.Google Scholar
US Fish and Wildlife Service. 1990. Communities proposed for rural/non-rural status. News release dated 4 10. Anchorage, US Fish and Wildlife Service.Google Scholar
Wolfe, R. J. 1990. Subsistence in the 1990s: what lies ahead? Marine Resource Quarterly 5 (1): 4–5, 6.Google Scholar
Wolfe, R. J. and Walker, R. J. 1987. Subsistence economies in Alaska: productivity, geography, and development impacts. Arctic Anthropology 24 (2): 56–81.Google Scholar
Wolfe, R. J., Gross, J. J., Langdon, S. J., Wright, J. M., Sherrod, G. M., Ellanna, L. J., AND Sumida, V. 1984. Subsistence-based economies in coastal communities of southwest Alaska. Juneau, Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Division of Subsistence. Technical paper no. 89.Google Scholar