The Reputation of Abraham Cowley (1660-1800)

Arthur H. Nethercot

doi:10.2307/457334

^{page 588 note 1} Bishop Thos. Sprat, “Account of the Life and Writings of Mr. Abraham Cowley” (1668), in Spingarn, Crit. Essays of the Seventeenth Cent. (Oxford, 1908), II, 145.

^{page 588 note 2} Herbert Cory, The Critics of Edmund Spenser (Berkeley, 1911), pp. 111, 117.

^{page 588 note 3} W. H. Durham, Crit. Essays of the XVIIIth Cent. (New Haven, 1915), Introd., pp. ix-x.

^{page 589 note 4} Gosse, op. cit. (N. Y., 1897), p. 191.

^{page 590 note 5} Grosart, op. cit. (Chertsey Worthies', 1881), I, xxxiii-iv.

^{page 592 note 6} Evelyn, Diary, Aug. 1, 1667.

^{page 592 note 7} Pepys, Diary, Aug. 12, 1667.

^{page 592 note 8} Sprat, op. cit., p. 119. Sprat also had an adulatory ode on Cowley.

^{page 592 note 9} Ibid., pp. 128-30.

^{page 593 note 10} “To the Earl of Roscommon,” prefixed to Roscommon's Essay on Translated Verse; in Chalmers's English Poets (London, 1810), VIII, 264.

^{page 593 note 11} E.g., Denham, Works of Waller and Denham (Edinburgh, 1869), pp. 255-8; Oldham, Works (London, 1684), p. 82; Langbaine, “Pref.,” Dram. Poets (Oxford, 1691), p. a4; Athenian Mercury, July 11, 1691, II, 263; Wotton, Reflections upon Ancient and Mod. Learning, in Spingarn, III, 206-7; anon., Miscellany Poems and Translations by Oxford Hands (London, 1685), p. 155; etc.

^{page 594 note 12} Op. cit., pp. 129-30, 134-5.

^{page 594 note 13} Tate, “Epistle-Dedicatory,” in Grosart's Cowley, II, 240.

^{page 594 note 14} Ath. Mer. (Apr. 2, 1692), VII, 2. The passage is interesting not only because it contains one of the extremely rare references to Gongora, but because it couples Cowley with him.

^{page 594 note 15} M. Prior, “Sat. on the Poets,” Works (London and N. Y., 1892), II, 377.

^{page 594 note 16} Denham, “On Mr. Abraham Cowley,” op. cit., pp. 255-8.

^{page 595 note 17} Op. cit., pp. 131-2.

^{page 595 note 18} Phillips, “Cowley,” Theatrum Poetarum (Geneva, 1824), pp. 32-3. Compare the note by the present writer in Mod. Phil. (Aug., 1921), XIX, 107-9; for other passages, between the dates of Phillips and Congreve (1706), which recognize the difference in form, see Wm. Winstanley, Lives . . . . of the . . . . Poets (London, 1687), pp. 182-3; Dryden, Letter to Dennis, c. Mar., 1694, Works (ed. Scott and Saintsbury, Edin., 1883), XVIII, 117-8; Ath. Mer. (Dec. 26, 1694), XVI, 3; Tom Brown, “Commonplace Book,” (bf. 1704), Works (London, 1730), III, 237. Also, for a possible source of Phillips's own remark, compare Milton's preface to Samson Agonistes.

^{page 595 note 19} “Heroic Poetry,” Essays (ed. Ker, Oxford, 1900), I, 186.

^{page 595 note 20} “Preface to Ovid,” op. cit., I, 239-40.

^{page 596 note 21} “Preface to Sylvae,” op. cit., I, 267. For Mulgrave's poem, see “An Essay upon Poetry,” in Spingarn, II, 289.

^{page 596 note 22} “Orig. and Prog. of Sat.,” ibid., II, 19.

^{page 596 note 23} “Ded. of the Aeneis,” ibid., II, 222.

^{page 596 note 24} “Account of the Greatest English Poets,” Works (London, 1854), I, 23-4.

^{page 596 note 25} Courthope, Addison (E. M. L., N. Y., 1884), p. 32.

^{page 596 note 26} Quoted in Sir Thomas Pope Blount, De Re Poetica (London, 1694), pt. 2, p. 54.

^{page 597 note 27} Prose Works (ed. Scott, London, 1897-1908), I, 181-2.

^{page 597 note 28} “Dramatic Poesy,” op. cit., I, 35.

^{page 597 note 29} Op. cit., p. 131.

^{page 598 note 30} See Grosart, I, li.

^{page 598 note 31} Gildon, in Durham, pp. 4 ff.

^{page 598 note 32} Op. cit., I, 172; 181-2.

^{page 599 note 33} Op. cit., p. 133.

^{page 599 note 34} “Pref. to Rapin,” in Spingarn, II, 171-3.

^{page 599 note 35} In Spingarn, II, 186.

^{page 599 note 36} See Blount, op. cit., pt. 2, p. 53.

^{page 600 note 37} Op. cit., in Spingarn, II, 296.

^{page 600 note 38} See, for these respective references in Dryden: “Of Heroic Plays,” op. cit., I, 154; E. Settle, quoted in Johnson, Lives of the Poets (ed. Hill, Oxford, 1905), I, 354; J. M. McBryde, Study of Cowley's Davideis (Johns Hopkins Dissertation, 1899), pp. 64-5; Dryden, “Heroic Poetry,” op. cit., I, 184, 188; and “Orig. and Prog, of Sat.,” ibid., II, 108-9.

^{page 601 note 39} Diary, Feb. 19, 1660-1.

^{page 601 note 40} Ibid., Dec. 16, 1661.

^{page 601 note 41} See Genest, Some Account of the English Stage (London, 1832), I, 40.

^{page 601 note 42} Dramatic Poets (Oxford, 1691), p. 81; this account is based on Cowley's own 1663 preface.

^{page 602 note 43} Op. cit., pp. 137-8.

^{page 602 note 44} “Pref.” to Mixt Essays Written Originally in the French by the Sieur de Saint Evremont, in Ker, Dryden, II, 313.

^{page 602 note 45} “Pref.” to 2nd part of Waller's Poems; reprinted in Fenton's ed. of Waller (London, 1744), p. 292.

^{page 602 note 46} “Postscript to the Aeneis,” op. cit., II, 244.

^{page 602 note 47} “Ded. to Aureng-zebe,” Works (ed. Scott and Saintsbury, Edin., 1883), V, 194.

^{page 603 note 48} “Pref. to the Fables,” op. cit., II, 258, 265.

^{page 603 note 49} Mr. Gosse again seems to go astray here in his Sev. Cent. Studies, p. 192.—The present writer is indebted to Mr. G. F. Barwick of the British Museum for a list of additions to its printed catalog. Supplementary data have been obtained from the Term Catalogs (ed. Arber, London, 1903, 3 vols.), and from incidental sources.

^{page 604 note 50} Concerning this poem, the “Publisher to the Reader” wrote: “Meeting accidentally with this Poem in Manuscript, and being informed that it was a Piece of the incomparable Mr. A C's, I thought it unjust to hide such a Treasure from the World. . . . And there is not one careless stroke of his but what should be kept sacred to all Posterity. . . .” And so on. (See A. R. Waller's ed. of Cowley, Cambr., 1906, II, 466.)

^{page 604 note 51} This edition, which must have been reprinted in 1704 ff. (see Grosart, I, xlvii), was prefaced by the following remarks of the booksellers concerning the early poems of Cowley just being printed: “The following Poems of Mr. Cowley being much enquir'd after, and very scarce, (the Town hardly affording one Book, tho' it hath Eight times been printed) we thought this Ninth Edition could not fail of being well received by the World. . . .”

^{page 605 note 52} The place accorded Cowley by the Restoration, compared with its opinion of the rest of the “Metaphysical Poets,” may be seen in the present writer's forthcoming article, “The Reputation of the ‘Metaphysical Poets’ during the Seventeenth Century,” Journal of Engl. and Ger. Phil.

^{page 605 note 1} “Ode upon the Death of Mr. Cowley,” Tonson's 1707 ed., I, lxxiv.

^{page 606 note 2} Pope, Works (ed. Elwin and Courthope, London, 1871 ff.), I, 357 (see also p. 356). The lines were allowed to stand at the publication in 1713.

^{page 606 note 3} Op. cit., II, 50 ff.

^{page 606 note 4} For example, see W. L. Bowles's ed. of Pope (London, 1806), I, 234, n.; Sir A. W. Ward's ed. (London, 1911), p. 57, n.; etc.

^{page 606 note 5} See Joseph Spence, Anecdotes, etc. (ed. Singer, London, 1820), p. 173. For the history of the term “metaphysical” in this connection, see the present writer's article, ‘The Term “Metaphysical Poets” before Johnson,‘ Mod. Lang. Notes, XXXVII (1922), 11-17.

^{page 606 note 6} Spectator, No. 70 (May 21, 1711).

^{page 607 note 7} Spect., No. 140.

^{page 607 note 8} Disssertation on Reading the Classics, etc. (London, 1723), pp. 30-1. Even more encomiastic than Felton was Edward Bysshe, in his very popular aid to plagiarism (or “imitation”), The Art of English Poetry (London, 1702). More of his “Collection of the Most Natural and Sublime Thoughts,” etc., is drawn from Cowley than from any other poet, as many as half a dozen passages, from all classes of his writings, sometimes appearing on a single page. The difference made by six decades may be seen by comparing A Poetical Dictionary (sometimes ascribed to Goldsmith, London, 1761), which acknowledged a debt to Bysshe; in it, only four quotations from Cowley appeared in four volumes.

^{page 607 note 9} “Poem to the Memory of . . . Mr. J. Philips,” Works (London, 1787), p. 24.

^{page 608 note 10} Arts of Logick and Rhetorick (London, 1728), Preface, pp. xviii-ix.

^{page 608 note 11} Gent. Mag., IX, 285.

^{page 608 note 12} Hume, “Simplicity and Refinement,” Essays (London, 1870), pp. 115-6.

^{page 609 note 13} Op. cit., pp. 201-2.

^{page 609 note 14} Steele, Spect., No. 514; for the other passage, see Addison, No. 377.

^{page 609 note 15} For such a list, see J. Schipper, Englische Metrik (Bonn, 1888), II, 811 ff.

^{page 609 note 16} As Dryden had said in 1685 (“Pref. to Sylvae,” op. cit., I, 268): “What I have said is the general opinion of the best judges, and in a manner has been forced from me, by seeing a noble sort of poetry so happily restored by one man, and so grossly copied by almost all the rest.”

^{page 609 note 17} Cf. the Post-Angel (June, 1701), I, 396. For this reference, as well as for several others, the present writer is indebted to Professor G. W. Sherburn of the University of Chicago.

^{page 609 note 18} Works (Birmingham, 1761), III, 435.

^{page 610 note 19} Op. cit., pp. 168-9.

^{page 610 note 20} Spect., No. 160 (Sept. 3, 1711).

^{page 610 note 21} “On Mr. Cowley's Juvenile Poems,” in Harper's 1711 ed. of Cowley, prefatory verses.

^{page 610 note 22} Historical Account of . . . Our Most Considerable English Poets (London, 1720), Introd. Essay, pp. xxii-iii.

^{page 610 note 23} Quoted in Gent. Mag., II, 786-7.

^{page 611 note 24} E. g., Pope, “Weeping,” Works, IV, 431-2; John Dunton, Life and Errors (London, 1818), p. 231; Richard Friend, “Pref. Verses,” ibid., p. x; Swift, “Cadenus and Vanessa,” Poet. Works (London, 1895), II, 200; Steele, Spect., No. 41; Addison, ibid., No. 311; etc.

^{page 611 note 25} Guard., No. 16.

^{page 611 note 26} Prior, “A Case Stated,” Works, II, 272.

^{page 612 note 27} Op. cit., Dedic., pp. vii-viii.

^{page 612 note 28} Op. cit., pp. 294 ff.

^{page 612 note 29} “Observations on . . . Waller,” op. cit., p. lxi.

^{page 612 note 30} Op. cit., II, 63.

^{page 612 note 31} Op. cit., p. 56.

^{page 613 note 32} Grounds of Crit. in Poetry, in Durham, pp. 204-5.

^{page 613 note 33} “Epistle to the Reader”; quoted by McBryde, op. cit., p. 48.

^{page 613 note 34} “Essay upon Study,” Misc. Works (Dublin, 1726), p. 84.

^{page 613 note 35} Poetical Register (London, 1719), p. 50.

^{page 613 note 36} “Pref.,” op. cit., p. xxiv.

^{page 614 note 37} Op. cit., p. 309; the allusion apparently does not quite fit anything in the Dissertation (ed. 1723).

^{page 614 note 38} Spence's Anec., pp. 276-7.

^{page 614 note 39} Genest, op. cit., II, 262.

^{page 614 note 40} “Large Account of the Taste in Poetry,” in Durham, pp. 131-2.

^{page 614 note 41} Remarks and Collections (Oxford, 1885-1914), I, 246.

^{page 614 note 42} Genest, op. cit., II, 500; III, 142.

^{page 614 note 43} Ibid., X, 65-6.

^{page 614 note 44} Quoted by Hill, “Dryden,” Lives, I, 368, n.

^{page 614 note 45} Poet. Reg., pp. 49-50.

^{page 615 note 46} Cf. Dennis, Grounds of Crit., in Durham, p. 176.

^{page 615 note 47} Budgell, Spect., No. 67 (May 17, 1711).

^{page 615 note 48} Hearne, op. cit. (July 29, 1712), III, 415-6.

^{page 615 note 49} See, for example, Pope, “The Garden,” Works, IV, 430-1; Dunton, op. cit., pp. 85, 184, 239, 288, 441, 513, 524, 585-6, etc.; Felton, op. cit., p. 46; Mary Wortley Montagu, Works (London, 1803), I, 157, 162, and Letters (Boston, 1884), p. 214; Spect., Nos. 114, 123, 251, 379, 406, 551, 562, 610, 613; John Hughes, “Essay on Alleg. Poetry” (1715), in Durham, p. 87; Pope, Works, IX, 30-1; VI, 397; Welsted, “Perfection of Engl. Lang.” (1724), in Durham, p. 381; Oldmixon, op. cit., pp. 127, 343; Melmoth (May 5, 1743), Letters of . . . Fitzosborne (London, 1795), p. 336.

^{page 615 note 50} Spect., No. 114; the reference is to “Of Greatness.”

^{page 615 note 51} Op. cit., p. 37.

^{page 616 note 52} “Imit. of Hor. 9 Ode, 4 Bk.,” Works, III, 419.

^{page 616 note 53} “Imit. of Hor. 1 Epis., 2 Bk.,” ibid., p. 353.

^{page 617 note 54} This circumstance seems to have led Grosart (op. cit., I, cxxxiii) to conjecture that Dryden was the author of the “Publisher to the Reader” passage quoted above, p. 604.

^54a The present writer is now preparing an article which will show the attitude of the age of Pope toward the whole body of “Metaphysical Poets,” including Cowley.

^{page 617 note 55} “Complete Art of Poetry,” in Durham, p. 38.

^{page 617 note 56} See Spence, “Supplement” to Anec., p. 339. Harte evidently was unacquainted with Tonson's three editions.

^{page 618 note 57} Op. cit., pp. 36-7, 275; see also passage quoted on p. 612 of the present article.

^{page 618 note 58} “To Mr. Richardson,” Rich. Corres. (London, 1804), I, 2-3. Samuel Richardson himself claimed Cowley as his favorite poet (see Erich Poetzsche, Samuel Richardsons Belesenheit, Kiel, 1908).

^{page 619 note 1} “Art of Preaching,” in R. Anderson, Brit. Poets (London, 1795), XI, 98.

^{page 619 note 2} Attributed to Goldsmith by Gibbs in the Bohn ed. of Goldsmith, IV, 417 ff.; it appeared in the Lit. Mag., Jan., 1758, p. 6.

^{page 619 note 3} Blair, Lectures on Rhetoric and Belles Lettres (London, 1812), I, 30; II, 31. Other similar opinions were expressed by Hume, 1754-61, Hist. of Engl. (London, 1822), VII, 339; Cowper, 1784, “Task,” Works (London and N. Y., 1889), p. 245; H. Walpole, June 26, 1785, Letters (Oxford, 1904 ff.), XIII, 282.

^{page 620 note 4} Essay III, Essays on Men and Manners (London, 1787; in Harrison's Brit. Classicks), VIII, 6.

^{page 620 note 5} Essays on Poetry and Music, etc. (Edinburgh, 1779), pp. 494-5.

^{page 620 note 6} Ibid., p. 17.

^{page 620 note 7} Gray, Letter to T. Warton, in the Aldine Gray (London, 1885), pp. cxxii.

^{page 620 note 8} “Ded.,” op. cit. (London, 1756), p. xi.

^{page 621 note 9} Review of Warton's Essay, Month. Rev., XIV, 535.

^{page 621 note 10} Op. cit. (London, 1782), II, 45 ff.

^{page 621 note 11} “Preface,” ed. of Pope (London, 1822), p. 15.

^{page 621 note 12} Op. cit. (London, 1797), VI, 235, n.

^{page 621 note 13} Boswell, Life of Johnson (ed. Hill, Oxford, 1887), V, 345; IV, 102.

^{page 622 note 14} 0p. cit., I, 18.

^{page 622 note 15} Ibid., pp. 22, 35.

^{page 622 note 15a} For a discussion of this topic, especially of Donne's metrical technic, see the present writer's article, ‘The Reputation of John Donne as Metrist,‘ Sewanee Review, XXX (1922, No. 4), 1-12.

^{page 622 note 16} Ibid., pp. 55-65, passim. Others of the more important critical biographies of Cowley during this period are the following: a complete and favorable account in the Biographia Britannica (London, 1750), with even more favorable additions by Dr. Kippis in the second edition (1789), IV, 366-82 (the Encyc. Brit. based its early account almost entirely on this one); a still more laudatory one in “Mr. Cibber's” widely known Lives of the Poets of Great Britain and Ireland (London, 1753), II, 42-62; a discriminative, but generally favorable, one in James Granger's popular Biographical History of England (London, 1824—1st ed., 1769), III, 123-4, 244-5; and another just and discriminating one in Henry Headley's Select Beauties of Ancient English Poetry (London, 1810—1st ed., 1787), I, iii-vi.

^{page 623 note 17} Gent. Mag., LXV, 17.

^{page 623 note 18} “Cowley,” op. cit., pp. 12-3; and “Milton,” p. 87.

^{page 623 note 19} See the Adventurer, No. 39 (Mar. 20, 1753); and Gent. Mag. (Oct., 1787), LVII, 847.

^{page 623 note 20} Hist. of Engl., VII, 339.

^{page 624 note 21} Select Works of Mr. A. Cowley (London, 1777), I, 138.

^{page 624 note 22} “Cowley,” op. cit., pp. 39-40.

^{page 624 note 23} Op. cit., III, 134.

^{page 624 note 24} See the Month. Rev. (May, 1749), I, 39-40; also Chalmers, XIII, 144.

^{page 625 note 25} “Mr. Jones, of Welwyn,” in Spence, “Sup.,” to Anec., p. 349.

^{page 625 note 26} Op. cit., I, 405.

^{page 625 note 27} Op. cit. (London, 1787), III, 435-8; see also p. 480 for appreciative passage on Anacreontics.

^{page 626 note 28} Op. cit., p. 495.

^{page 626 note 29} Cowley, I, 168, n.

^{page 626 note 30} “Cowley,” op. cit., p. 48; see also pp. 44, 47.

^{page 626 note 31} Op. cit., pp. 36, 39.

^{page 626 note 32} Boswell, Johnson, V, 333, n.

^{page 627 note 33} See under “Poetry,” Ency. Brit. (1797), XV, 224—Even Johnson, however, believed that Congreve “first taught the English writers that Pindar's odes were regular” (“Congreve,” Lives, II, 234).

^{page 627 note 34} Op. cit., I, 352.

^{page 627 note 35} Op. cit. (N. Y., 1858), pp. 187, 190.

^{page 627 note 36} Ibid., p. 372.

^{page 627 note 37} Ibid., pp. 246, 387-8, etc.

^{page 628 note 38} Moral and Political Dialogues; with Letters on Chivalry and Romance (London, 1771), I, 131, n.

^{page 628 note 39} Op. cit., I, 156, n.

^{page 628 note 40} Idler, No. 77.

^{page 629 note 41} Op. cit., pp. 35-42, passim.

^{page 629 note 42} Boswell, Johnson, I, 179.

^{page 629 note 43} Op. cit. (Edinburgh, 1816), I, 80.

^{page 629 note 44} Ibid., II, 95.

^{page 630 note 46} Op. cit., pp. 92, 329-30, n.; see also pp. 66, n.; 253.

^{page 630 note 46} “Cowley,” op. cit., pp. 49-51.

^{page 630 note 47} William Hayley, An Essay on Epic Poetry (London, 1782), p. 64.

^{page 631 note 48} “Cowley,” op. cit., p. 14.

^{page 631 note 49} “Waller,” ibid., p. 282.

^{page 631 note 50} Cowley, I, 91, n.

^{page 631 note 51} See, for instance, Johnson, Rambler, No. 6 (Apr. 7, 1750).

^{page 631 note 52} Review of Warton's Essay, op. cit., XV, 57.

^{page 632 note 53} Bee, No. VIII.

^{page 632 note 54} “On Retirement,” Dialogues, I, 126, n. As early as 1751, Hurd had made the same point in his “Marks of Imitation,” appended to his Horace (London, 1766; III, 180-1).

^{page 632 note 55} Cowley, II, 83, n.; see also II, 196, n., where he called Cowley the better of “our two great models of essay-writing”— Cowley and Montaigne.

^{page 632 note 56} Essay on Pope, II, 42.

^{page 632 note 57} Essays, III, 438-40.

^{page 633 note 58} “Cowley,” op. cit., p. 64.

^{page 633 note 59} Ibid., p. 38; see also p. 54, and under “Dryden,” pp. 410-1. In Rambler, No. 6, Johnson also showed his acquaintance with the 1656 preface.

^{page 633 note 60} Cowley, I, 219.

^{page 633 note 61} Liberal Education (London, 1781), p. 165, n.

^{page 633 note 62} Op. cit., VII, 287.

^{page 633 note 63} Cowley, II, 1.

^{page 633 note 64} Corres., II, 229.

^{page 634 note 65} See Poetzsche, op. cit., passim.

^65a The present writer is now at work on-an article which will attempt to point out the parts played by Cowley and the other “Metaphysical Poets” in the Romantic Revival during the latter eighteenth century.

^{page 634 note 66} See John Nichols, Illustrations of the . . . 18th Cent. (London, 1817-58), V, 674.

^{page 634 note 67} Johnson first disapproved of the idea of selecting and thus mutilating, but later retracted (Boswell, III, 29, 227). The Morning Chronicle for Jan. 30, 1776, wrote: “The learned Editor has cleared the Works of Cowley from many false thoughts, from ill-placed wit, and great puerilities; yet he certainly deprived us of many fine flights of true poetry and of some distinguishing marks which distinguish Cowley from every other poet.” (Quoted in Nichols, Lit. Anec., London, 1812-5, VI, 484, n.) The Monthly Review had already (Jan., 1773; XLVIII, 13-8) made the same complaint. When the Gent. Mag., however, printed (Mar., 1776; XLVI, 115) the note from the Chronicle, another correspondent replied in defense of Hurd, claiming the necessity of selection (June, 1776; XLVI, 380).

^{page 635 note 68} A Select Collection of Poems . . . (London, 1780-2), VII, 70-5.

^{page 635 note 69} A Select Collection of English Songs. . . (London, 1813), I, 151; II, 26; 181. Also The English Anthology (London, 1793-4), I, 74-8.

^{page 635 note 70} “Essay, Supplementary to the Preface, 1815,” Poet. Works (Cambr. ed., N. Y., 1904), p. 810.

^{page 635 note 71} The writer is indebted for the following material, as well as for valuable critical help, to his friend and colleague, Professor R. S. Crane, of Northwestern University.

^{page 637 note 71a} A similar development took place in the case of another popular seventeenth century poet; see the present writer's article, ‘The Literary Legend of Francis Quarles,‘ Mod. Phil., XX (1923), 225-240.

^{page 638 note 72} World, No. 26.

^{page 638 note 73} This table is based on remarks from the following sources: Joseph Addison, Athenian Mercury, John Aubrey, Capt. John Ayloffe, Philip Ayres, Mrs. Jane Barker, Richard Baxter, Sir Thomas Pope Blount, Roger Boyle, Tom Brown, Samuel Butler, Knightly Chetwood, Lord Clarendon, Daniel Defoe, Sir John Denham, John Dennis, J. Downes, John Dryden, the Rev. Edmund Elys, Sir John Evelyn, Thomas Flatman, Gentleman's Journal, Charles Gildon, Richard Graham, Henry Keepe, Gerard Langbaine, Sir George Mackenzie, the Earl of Mulgrave, John Oldham, Alexander Oldys, the Earl of Orrery, Thomas Otway, Samuel Pepys, Mrs. Katherine Philips, Edward Phillips, Matthew Prior, the Earl of Rochester, Thomas Rymer, Charles Scarborough, Elkanah Settle, Bishop Thomas Sprat, Jonathan Swift, the Rev. Thomas Tanner, Nahum Tate, James Tyrrell, William Walsh, J. Whitehall, William Winstanley, Anthony à Wood, T. Wood, Dr. S. Woodford, William Wotton, Dr. Thomas Yalden, and ten or a dozen anonymous writers.

^{page 639 note 74} This table is based on remarks from the following sources: Joseph Addison, Anne Annesley, Applebee's Journal, Joshua Barnes, William Broome, Tom Brown, Eustace Budgell, Edward Bysshe, Lady Mary Chudleigh, the Rev. William Clarke, William Congreve, Mrs. E. Cooper, Sir J. Cotton, W. Coward, John Dennis, William Duncombe, John Dunton, Thomas Ellwood, the Rev. Henry Felton, Elijah Fenton, Henry Fielding (?), Dr. Philip Francis, Richard Friend, Gentleman's Magazine, Charles Gildon, Guardian, the Rev. Walter Harte, Thomas Hearne, Aaron Hill, John Hughes, David Hume, Lawrence Jackson, Giles Jacob, William King, Dr. Edward Littleton, London Magazine, William Melmoth, Lady Mary Wortley Montagu, Thomas Morell, (the Earl of Mulgrave), John Oldmixon, Major Richardson Pack, William Pattison, Ambrose Philips, Alexander Pope, Post-Angel, Post-Boy, Matthew Prior, Allan Ramsay, Mrs. Randolph, Jonathan Richardson, Samuel Richardson, the Bishop of Rochester, Richard Steele, Jonathan Swift, Universal Spectator, Dr. Isaac Watts, Leonard Welsted, Samuel Wesley, the Countess of Winchelsea, Dr. Thomas Yalden, Edward Young, and seven or eight anonymous writers.

^{page 640 note 75} This table is based on remarks from the following sources: Robert Alves, Robert Anderson, Annual Register, David E. Baker, the Rev. J. Bannister, Dr. James Beattie, J. Bell, W. Beltcher. Richard Berenger, Dr. Hugh Blair, James Boswell, Mrs. Brooke, Dr. George Campbell, Elizabeth Carter, Theophilus Cibber (Robert Shiels?), William Clarke, Connoisseur, William Cowper, William Craig, Critical Review, Thos. Davies, Dr. Patrick Delany, Isaac D'Israeli, Robert Dodsley, Dr. James Dunbar, George Ellis, Encyclopaedia Britannica, the Rev. Francis Fawkes, Gentleman's Magazine, Oliver Goldsmith, the Rev. James Granger, Thomas Gray, Sir John Hawkins, William Hay, William Hayley, Henry Headley, J. G. Herder, David Hume, the Rev. Joseph Hunter, Bishop Richard Hurd, the Rev. Thomas Janes, Dr. Samuel Johnson, the Rev. John Jones “of Welwyn,” Lord Kames, Dr. Andrew Kippis, the Rev. Vicesimus Knox, John Kynaston, the Rev. John Langhorne, Literary Magazine, Robert Lloyd, Lord Lyttleton, Mrs. Catharine Macaulay, Henry Mackenzie, Magazine of Magazines, Lady Montagu, Monthly Review, T. R. Nash, New and General Biographical Dictionary, New Annual Register, New Universal Magazine, John Nichols, John Ogilvie, John Pinkerton, R. Potter, H. J. Pye, Samuel Richardson, Joseph Ritson, John Scott, William Shenstone, Laurence Sterne, William Stukely, William Thompson, Frazer Tytler, Gilbert Wakefield, Horace Walpole, F. G. Waldron, Bishop William Warburton, Joseph Warton, Thomas Warton, John Wesley, Gilbert West, J. Wilkes, William Wordsworth, and six or seven anonymous writers.

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