Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-tf8b9 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-30T19:14:07.392Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Beyond Psychoanalysis: Resistance and Reparative Reading in Alison Bechdel's Are You My Mother?

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  23 October 2020

Abstract

Alison Bechdel's graphic memoir Are You My Mother? A Comic Drama promotes a form of reparation for its author and its readers, making a case for the much-maligned idea that literature serves therapeutic aims. The book not only models a reparative reading practice by using comics form to engage the insights and limits of psychoanalysis and modernist literature but also elicits a reparative reading experience for a community of readers forged in the discovery of a common emotional struggle. Bechdel's memoir represents an autobiographical narrator's loving yet ambivalent relationship with her mother in ways that invite readers to acknowledge a shared affective history of complex mother-daughter relationships that merits public examination, empathy, and social inclusion.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Modern Language Association of America, 2017

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Works Cited

Aubry, Timothy. Reading as Therapy: What Contemporary Fiction Does for Middle-Class Americans. U of Iowa P, 2011.Google Scholar
Bechdel, Alison. “Alison Bechdel (2006 and 2012).” Outside the Box: Interviews with Contemporary Cartoonists, by Hillary L. Chute, U of Chicago P, 2014, pp. 155–76.Google Scholar
Bechdel, Alison. “Alison Bechdel Is the Ultimate Genius ‘Dyke to Watch Out For.‘” Interview by Ashley C. Ford. Buzz-Feed, 23 Sept. 2014, www.buzzfeed.com/ashleyford/alison-bechdel-is-the-ultimate-genius-dyke-to-watch-out-for?utm_term=.ydYdvWg50.ulXj5L3Wn.Google Scholar
Bechdel, Alison. “Alison Bechdel Talks with Katie Roiphe.” You-Tube, 16 Oct. 2012, www.youtube.com/watch?v=J_xQdGhM_JM.Google Scholar
Bechdel, Alison. “Alison Bechdel: The Balancing Act.” Interview by Maud Newton. Barnes and Noble, 27 Apr. 2012, www.barnesandnoble.com/review/alison-bechdel-the-balancing-act.Google Scholar
Bechdel, Alison. Are You My Mother? A Comic Drama. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2012.Google Scholar
Bechdel, Alison. Dykes to Watch Out For. Firebrand Books, 1986.Google Scholar
Bechdel, Alison. Fun Home: A Family Tragicomic. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2006.Google Scholar
Bechdel, Alison. “Hillary Chute Interviews Alison Bechdel, 2011.” Critical Inquiry, 2011, criticalinquiry.uchicago.edu/hillary_chute_interviews_alison_bechdel. Video clip.Google Scholar
Bechdel, Alison. Interview. Graphic Novel Reporter, 3 May 2012, www.graphicnovelreporter.com/authors/alison-bechdel/news/interview-050312.Google Scholar
Bechdel, Alison. “Q&A: Alison Bechdel, Author of Are You My Mother? A Comic Drama.” Interview by Heather McCormack. Library Journal, 12 Mar. 2012, reviews .libraryjournal.com/2012/03/in-the-bookroom/authors/qa-alison-bechdel-author-of-are-you-my-mother-a-comic-drama/.Google Scholar
Camden, Vera J.A Narrative of One's Own: The New Voice of Alison Bechdel.” The American Psychoanalyst, vol. 46, no. 4, Fall-Winter 2012, pp. 19+.Google Scholar
Chaney, Michael A.Terrors of the Mirror and the Mise en Abyme of Graphic Novel Autobiography.” College Literature, vol. 38, no. 3, Summer 2011, pp. 2144.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chute, Hillary L. Graphic Women: Life Narrative and Contemporary Comics. Columbia UP, 2010.Google Scholar
Derrida, Jacques. Resistances of Psychoanalysis. Translated by Kamuf, Peggy et al., Stanford UP, 1998.Google Scholar
Diedrich, Lisa. “Graphic Analysis: Transitional Phenomena in Alison Bechdel's Are You My Mother?Configurations, vol. 22, no. 2, Spring 2014, pp. 183203.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Eastman, P. D. Are You My Mother? Random House, 1998.Google Scholar
Fantasia, Annette. “The Paterian Bildungsroman Reenvisioned: ‘Brain-Building’ in Alison Bechdel's Fun Home: A Family Tragicomic.” Criticism, vol. 53, no. 1, Winter 2011, pp. 8397.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Felski, Rita. Uses of Literature. Blackwell Publishing, 2008.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ferenczi, Sándor. “The Problem of the Termination of the Analysis.” The Evolution of Psychoanalytic Technique, edited by Bergmann, Martin S. and Hartman, Frank R., Basic Books, 1976, pp. 207–15.Google Scholar
Fleissner, Jennifer. “Obsessional Modernity: The ‘Institutionalization of Doubt.‘Critical Inquiry, vol. 34, no. 1, Autumn 2007, pp. 106–34.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Freedman, Ariela. “Drawing on Modernism in Alison Bechdel's Fun Home.” Journal of Modern Literature, vol. 32, no. 4, Summer 2009, pp. 125–40.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Freud, Sigmund. The Interpretation of Dreams (Second Part) and On Dreams. The Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud, translated and edited by James Strachey, vol. 5, Hogarth Press, 1914–16, pp. 339621.Google Scholar
Frosh, Stephen. For and Against Psychoanalysis. 2nd ed., Routledge, 2006.Google Scholar
Gardner, Jared. Comics and the History of Twenty-First-Century Storytelling Stanford UP, 2012.Google Scholar
Garner, Dwight. “Artist, Draw Thyself (and Your Mother and Therapist).” The New York Times, 2 May 2012, www.nytimes.com/2012/05/03/books/are-you-my-mother-by-alison-bechdel.html.Google Scholar
Giaimo, Genie Nicole. “Psychological Diffusions: The Cognitive Turn in Alison Bechdel's Are You My Mother? A Comic Drama.” European Journal of Life Writing, vol. 2, 2013, pp. 3558.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hatfield, Charles. Alternative Comics: An Emerging Literature. U of Mississippi P, 2005.Google Scholar
Joyce, James. A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man. Penguin Classics, 2003.Google Scholar
Jung, C. G. Four Archetypes. Routledge Classics, 2005.Google Scholar
Klein, Melanie. “Love, Guilt, and Reparation.” “Love, Guilt, and Reparationand Other Works, 1921–1945, Free Press, 2002, pp. 306–43.Google Scholar
Kunzle, David. The History of the Comic Strip: The Nineteenth Century. U of California P, 1990.Google Scholar
Lacan, Jacques. “Le séminaire XXIV: L'insu que sait de l'une bévue, s'aile a mourre.” Ornicar?, vols. 12–13, 1977, pp. 67.Google Scholar
Love, Heather. “The Mom Problem.” Public Books, 2 Oct. 2012, www.publicbooks.org/fiction/the-mom-problem.Google Scholar
McCloud, Scott. Understanding Comics: The Invisible Art. HarperCollins, 1994.Google Scholar
Miller, Alice. The Drama of the Gifted Child: The Search for the True Self. Translated by Ward, Ruth, Basic Books, 1997.Google Scholar
Miller, Jacques-Alain. Preface. Joyce avec Lacan, edited by Aubert, Jacques, Navarin Éditeur, 1987, pp. 911.Google Scholar
Miller, Laura. “Are You My Mother? by Alison Bechdel—Review: A Furiously Literary Memoir from the ‘Lesbian Woody Allen.‘The Guardian, 24 May 2012, www.theguardian.com/books/2012/may/24/are-you-my-mother-alison-bechdel-review.Google Scholar
Moi, Toril. “Representation of Patriarchy: Sexuality and Epistemology in Freud's Dora.” Dora's Case: Freud-Hysteria—Feminism, edited by Bernheimer, Charles and Kahane, Claire, Columbia UP, 1985, pp. 181–99.Google Scholar
Mouly, Françoise. “Françoise Mouly (2008 and 2010).” Outside the Box: Interviews with Contemporary Cartoonists, by Chute, Hillary L., U of Chicago P, 2014, pp. 177–94.Google Scholar
O'Rourke, Meghan. “A Mother Is a Story with Neither Beginning nor End.” Slate, 5 May 2012, 4 Sept. 2012, www.slate.com/articles/arts/books/2012/05/fun_home_sequel_alison_bechdel_s_are_you_my_mother_reviewed_by_meghan_o_rourke_.html.Google Scholar
Parille, Ken. “Six Observations about Alison Bechdel's Graphic Archive Are You My Mother?The Comics Journal, 30 May 2012, www.tcj.com/six-observations-about-alison-bechdel%E2%80%99s-graphic-archive-are-you-my-mother/.Google Scholar
Pearl, Monica B.Graphic Language: Redrawing the Family (Romance) in Alison Bechdel's Fun Home.” Prose Studies: History, Theory, Criticism, vol. 30, no. 3, Dec. 2008, pp. 286304.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Phillips, Adam. Introduction. On Kissing, Tickling, and Being Bored: Psychoanalytic Essays on the Unexamined Life, Harvard UP, 1993, pp. 18.Google Scholar
Rohy, Valerie. “In the Queer Archive: Fun Home.” GLQ, vol. 16, no. 3, 2010, pp. 341–61.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rose, Jacqueline. “Dora: Fragment of an Analysis.” Dora's Case: Freud—Hysteria—Feminism, edited by Bernheimer, Charles and Kahane, Claire, Columbia UP, 1985, pp. 128–49.Google Scholar
Sedgwick, Eve Kosofksy. “Paranoid Reading and Reparative Reading; or, You're So Paranoid, You Probably Hink His Essay Is about You.” Touching Feeling: Affect, Pedagogy, Performativity, Duke UP, 2003, pp. 2352.Google Scholar
Trilling, Lionel. “Freud and Literature.” The Liberal Imagination: Essays on Literature and Society, Viking Press, 1950, pp. 3457.Google Scholar
Verhaeghe, Paul, and Declerc, Frédéric. “Lacan's Analytical Goal: ‘Le sinthome’; or, The Feminine Way.” Essays on the Final Lacan: Re-inventing the Symptom, edited by Hurston, Luke, Other Press, 2002, pp. 5983.Google Scholar
Warhol, Robyn. “The Space Between: A Narrative Approach to Alison Bechdel's Fun Home.” College Literature, vol. 38, no. 3, Summer 2011, pp. 120.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Whitlock, Gillian. “Autographics: He Seeing ‘I’ of the Comics.” Modern Fiction Studies, vol. 52, no. 4, 2006, pp. 965–79.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Winnicott, D. W. Playing and Reality. Tavistock Publications, 1971.Google Scholar
Winnicott, D. W. Therapeutic Consultations in Child Psychiatry. Basic Books, 1971.Google Scholar
Woolf, Virginia. “A Sketch of the Past.” Moments of Being: Unpublished Autobiographical Writings, edited by Schulkind, Jeanne, Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1976, pp. 61137.Google Scholar
Woolf, Virginia. To the Lighthouse. Harcourt Brace, 1972.Google Scholar
Žižek, Slavoj. Enjoy Your Symptom! Jacques Lacan in Hollywood and Out. Routledge, 1992.Google Scholar
Žižek, Slavoj. Looking Awry: An Introduction to Lacan through Popular Culture. MIT P, 1992.Google Scholar
Žižek, Slavoj. The Sublime Object of Ideology. Verso, 1989.Google Scholar
Zunshine, Lisa. “What to Expect When You Pick Up a Graphic Novel.” SubStance, vol. 40, no. 1, 2011, pp. 114–34.Google Scholar