Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-t7fkt Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-27T14:42:33.377Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Prisoners of the Caucasus: Ideologies of Imperialism in Lermontov's “Bela”

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  23 October 2020

Abstract

Lermontov's “Bela” (the first part of A Hero of Our Time) is deeply connected to the realities of Russian expansion into the Caucasus during the nineteenth century. The mistreatment of the story's heroine, Bela, by its Russian heroes, Grigoriy Pechorin and Maksim Maksimich, has its roots in the culture and ideologies of Russian imperialism.

Type
Research Article
Information
PMLA , Volume 107 , Issue 2 , March 1992 , pp. 246 - 260
Copyright
Copyright © Modern Language Association of America, 1992

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Works Cited

Muriel, Atkin. “Russian Expansion in the Caucasus to 1813.” Russian Colonial Expansion to 1917. Ed. Rywkin, Michael. London: Mansell, 1988. 139–87.Google Scholar
Austin, Paul M.The Exotic Prisoner in Russian Romanticism.” Russian Literature 16 (1984): 217–74.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baddeley, John F. The Russian Conquest of the Caucasus. 1908. New York: Russel, 1969.Google Scholar
Bartol'd, V. И&ccy;топия иэычэния Во&ccy;тока в Евпопэ и Ро&ccy;&ccy;ии [History of the Study of the Orient in Europe and Russia]. 2nd ed. Leningrad, 1925.Google Scholar
Belinskii, V. G. Полноэ &ccy;обпаниэ &ccy;очинэний [Complete Works]. 13 vols. Moscow: ANSSSR, 1953–59.Google Scholar
Pavel, Bestuzhev. “Замэчания на &ccy;татью «Пытэшэ&ccy;твиэ в Гпыэию», помэщэнныю гдэ-то в одном иэ мо&ccy;ков&ccy;ких жыпналов” [Remarks on the Article “A Journey to Georgia” Published Somewhere in One of the Moscow Journals]. &Ccy;ын отэчэ&ccy;тва [Son of the Fatherland], ча&ccy;ть 1, отдэл 4 (1838): 119.Google Scholar
S., Bobrov “Хэп&ccy;онида; или, Каптина лычшэго лэтнэго дня в Хэп&ccy;они&ccy;э Тавпичэ&ccy;ком” [Chersonida; or, A Picture of a Most Fine Summer's Day in the Tauric Chersonese]. Поэты 1790–1810-x годов [Poets of 1790–1810]. Leningrad: Sovetskii Pisatel', 1971. 132–58. (Excerpt from Тавпида; или, Мой лэтний дэнь в Тавпичэ&ccy;ком Хэп&ccy;они&ccy;э: Липико-эпичэ&ccy;коэ &ccy;тихотвопэниэ [Tauris; or, My Summer Day in the Tauric Chersonese: A Lyrico-Epic Poem].)Google Scholar
Brooks, E. Willis. “Nicholas I as Reformer: Russian Attempts to Conquer the Caucasus, 1825–1855.” Nation and Ideology: Essays in Honor of Wayne S. Vucinich. Ed. Banac, Ivo et al. New York: Columbia UP, 1981. 227–63.Google Scholar
S., Durylin Гэпой нашэго впэмэни М. Ю. Лэпмонтова [M. Iu. Lermontov's A Hero of Our Time], 1940. Ann Arbor: Ardis, 1986.Google Scholar
Eidelman, N. Ia. Быть можэт эа хпэбтом кавкаэа: Ры&ccy;&ccy;кая литэпатыпа и общэ&ccy;твэнная мы&ccy;ль пэпвой половины XIX вэка: Кавкаэкий контэк&ccy;т [Perhaps beyond the Peaks of the Caucasus: Russian Literature and Societal Thought of the First Half of the Nineteenth Century: The Caucasian Context]. Moscow: Nauka, 1990.Google Scholar
Eikhenbaum, Boris M.Гэпой нашэго впэмэни” [“A Hero of Our Time]. И&ccy;топия пы&ccy;&ccy;кого помана в двыхGoogle Scholar
томах [History of Russian Literature in Two Volumes]. Vol. 1. Moscow: ANSSSR (IRLI), 1962. 277322.Google Scholar
Eikhenbaum, Boris M. Лэпмонтов: Опыт и&ccy;топико-литэпатыпной оцэнки [Lermontov: An Essay in Literary-Historical Evaluation]. Leningrad: GIZ, 1924.Google Scholar
Frye, Richard N.Oriental Studies in Russia.” Vucinich 3051.Google Scholar
Gadzhiev, Agil'. Кавкаэ в пы&ccy;&ccy;кой литэпатыпэ пэпвой половины XIX вэка [The Caucasus in Russian Literature of the First Half of the Nineteenth Century]. Baku: Yazychy, 1982.Google Scholar
John, Garrard. Mikhail Lermontov. Twayne World Authors Series 667. Boston: Twayne, 1982.Google Scholar
Emma, Gershtein. &Ccy;ыдьба Лэпмонтова [Lermontov's Fate]. 2nd ed. Moscow: Khudozhestvennaia Literatura, 1986.Google Scholar
Grossman, Leonid. “Лэпмонтов и кыльтыпы Во&ccy;тока” [Lermontov and the Cultures of the East]. Литэпатыпноэ на&ccy;лэд&ccy;тво [Literary Heritage] 43–44 (1941): 673744.Google Scholar
Ronald, Hyam. “Empire and Sexual Opportunity.” Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History 14 (1986): 3489.Google Scholar
Iusufov, R. F. Дагэ&ccy;тан и пы&ccy;&ccy;кая литэпатыпа конца XVIII и пэпвой половины XIX в. [Dagestan and Russian Literature of the End of the Eighteenth and the First Half of the Nineteenth Centuries]. Moscow: Nauka, 1964.Google Scholar
Simon, Karlinsky. “Przhevalsky: The Russian Livingstone.” University Publishing 5 (1978): 3.Google Scholar
Firuz, Kazemzadeh. “Russian Penetration of the Caucasus.” Russian Imperialism from Ivan the Great to the Revolution. Ed. Hunczak, Taras. New Brunswick: Rutgers UP, 1974. 239–63.Google Scholar
Kosven, M. O. “Матэпиалы по и&ccy;топии этногпафичэ&ccy;кого иэычэния Кавкаэа в пы&ccy;&ccy;кой наыкэ” [Materials on the History of the Ethnographic Study of the Caucasus in Russian Scholarship]. Кавкаэкий этногпафичэ&ccy;кий &ccy;бопник [Caucasian Ethnographic Collection] 1 (1955): 289374.Google Scholar
Susan, Layton. “Imagining the Caucasian Hero: Tolstoj vs. Mordovcev.” Slavic and East European Journal 30 (1986): 115.Google Scholar
Лэпмонтов&ccy;кая энциклопэдия [Lermontov Encyclopedia]. Ed. V. A. Manuilov. Moscow: Sovetskaia Entsiklopediia, 1981.Google Scholar
Mikhail, Lermontov. Гэпой нашэго впэмэни [A Hero of Our Time]. Полноэ &ccy;обпаниэ &ccy;очинэний [Complete Works]. Vol. 4. Moscow: OGIZ, 1948. 7152.Google Scholar
Mikhail, Lermontov. A Hero of Our Time. Trans. V. Nabokov and D. Nabokov. Garden City: Doubleday, 1958.Google Scholar
Iu, Lotman. “Ппоблэма Во&ccy;тока и Запада в твопчэ&ccy;твэ поэднэго Лэпмонтова” [The Problem of the East in Lermontov's Later Works]. Лэпмонтов&ccy;кий &ccy;бопник [Lermontov Collection]. Leningrad: Nauka, 1985. 522.Google Scholar
Manuilov, V. A. Роман М. Ю. Лэпмонтова Гэпой нашэго впэмэни: Коммэнтапий [M. Iu. Lermontov's Novel A Hero of Our Time: A Commentary]. Leningrad: Prosveshchenie, 1975.Google Scholar
Marlinskii, Aleksandr [Aleksandr Bestuzhev]. “Ра&ccy;&ccy;каэ офицэпа бывшэго в плэны ы Гопцэв” [Tale of an Officer Captured by Mountaineers]. Полноэ &ccy;обпаниэ &ccy;очинэний [Complete Works]. Vol. 10. Saint Petersburg, 1838. 5–93. 12 vols.Google Scholar
Miansarov, M. M. Bibliografia Caucasica et Transcaucasica. 1874–76. Amsterdam: Meridian, 1967.Google Scholar
Louis, Pedrotti. Jozef-Julian Sekowski: The Generation of a Literary Alien. Berkeley: U of California P, 1965.Google Scholar
“Поээдка в Гпыэию” [A Trip to Georgia]. Мо&ccy;ков&ccy;кий тэлэгпаф [Moscow Telegraph] 4 (1833): 327–67.Google Scholar
Aleksandr, Pushkin. Полноэ &ccy;обпаниэ &ccy;очинэний [Complete Works]. 10 vols. Moscow: ANSSSR, 1962–66.Google Scholar
Riasanovsky, Nicholas V.Asia through Russian Eyes.” Vucinich 329.Google Scholar
Edward, Said. Orientalism. New York: Vintage-Random, 1979.Google Scholar
Edward, Said. “Orientalism Reconsidered.” Literature, Politics and Theory: Papers from the Essex Conference, 1976–84. Ed. Barker, Francis et al. London: Methuen, 1986. 210–29.Google Scholar
Stephanie, Sandler. Distant Pleasures: Alexander Pushkin and the Writing of Exile. Stanford: Stanford UP, 1989.Google Scholar
N., Svirin “Ры&ccy;&ccy;кая колониальная литэпатыпа” [Russian Colonial Literature]. Литэпатыпный кпитик [Literary Critic] 9 (1934): 5179.Google Scholar
Todd, William Mills III Fiction and Society in the Age of Pushkin: Ideology, Institutions, and Narrative. Cambridge: Harvard UP, 1986.Google Scholar
Tornau, F. F. Во&ccy;поминания кавкаэкого офицэпа 1835, 36, 37, 38 годов [Memoirs of an Officer in the Caucasus during the Years 1835, 1836, 1837, and 1838]. Moscow, 1864.Google Scholar
S., Uvarov “Projet d'une académie asiatique.” Etudes dephilologie et de critique. Saint Petersburg, 1843. 145.Google Scholar
Vel'tman, S. P. Во&ccy;ток в хыдожэ&ccy;твэнной литэпатыпэ [The Orient in Literature]. Moscow: GIZ, 1928.Google Scholar
Vinogradov, B. S. Кавкаэ в пы&ccy;&ccy;кой литэпатыпэ 30-х годов XIX вэка: Очэпки [The Caucasus in Russian Literature of the 1830s: Essays]. [Groznyi]: Checheno–Ingushkoe, 1966.Google Scholar
Vinogradov, B. S.Начало кавкаэкой тэмы в пы&ccy;&ccy;кой литэпатыпэ[The Beginnings of the Caucasian Theme in Russian Literature]. Ры&ccy;&ccy;кая литэпатыпа и Кавкаэ [Russian Literature and the Caucasus]. Stavropol: n.p., 1974. 325.Google Scholar
Vucinich, Wayne S., ed. Russia and Asia. Stanford: Hoover Inst. P, 1972.Google Scholar
Peter, Weisensel. “Senkovskii, Osip Ivanovich.” Modern Encyclopedia of Russian and Soviet History. Vol. 52. [Gulf Breeze, FL]: Academic Intl., 1990. 1517.Google Scholar
Hayden, White. “The Noble Savage as Fetish.” Tropics of Discourse: Essays in Cultural Criticism. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins UP, 1978. 183–96.Google Scholar
Viktor, Zhirmunskii. Байпон и Пышкин [Byron and Pushkin]. Leningrad: Academia, 1924.Google Scholar