Farsa Hecha Por Alonso De Salaya

Joseph E. Gillet

doi:10.2307/458696

Farsa Hecha Por Alonso De Salaya

Published online by Cambridge University Press: 02 December 2020

Joseph E. Gillet

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Joseph E. Gillet*: Affiliation:
Bryn Mawr College

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When Manuel Cañete, in the introduction to the academic edition of Lucas Fernández, first spoke of a certain Alonso de Salaya “tan diestro en bosquejar delicadamente amorosos coloquios,” there was some reason to wonder whether he could have actually read these amorosos coloquios instead of merely quoting the first two lines of a “Farsa en coplas” from the notes which Gallardo, examining the catalogues of Ferdinand Columbus, had taken in the Biblioteca Colombina. When, three years later, in the preface to his edition of Carvajal's Tragedia Josephina, Cañete quoted the first twenty-five lines of the same “linda farsa” by Alonso de Salaya, it became even more tantalizing.

Type: Research Article
Information: PMLA , Volume 52 , Issue 1 , March 1937 , pp. 16 - 67

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/458696 [Opens in a new window]
Copyright: Copyright © Modern Language Association of America, 1937

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References

^{page 16 note 1} Obras (Madrid, 1867), p. lxiii.

^{page 16 note 2} Madrid, 1870, p. xlv, n. 2.

^{page 16 note 3} Ensayo, iv, 318 (nr. *3767).

^{page 16 note 4} Kritischer Jahresbericht über die Fortschritte der Roman. Phil., i (1890), 543.

^{page 16 note 5} Sieben Spanische dramatische Eklogen (Dresden, 1911), p. 166.

^{page 16 note 6} Las Bacantes (Madrid, 1921), p. 128.

^{page 17 note 7} It is not mentioned in the Catálogo de la Biblioteca del excellentísimo Sr. D. Pedro Caro y Sureda, Marqués de la Romana, trasladada a esta corte desde Palma de Mallorca (Madrid, 1865), nor is it preserved in the Biblioteca Nacional, Madrid, of which the Marqués de la Romana's library now forms a part.

^{page 17 note 8} Cf. Boletín de la Biblioteca Menéndez y Pelayo, x (1928), 72.

^{page 17 note 9} Thus 138 por saltar baylar correr, which is from Serafina, Introito; cf. Propalladia, ed. Cañete-Menéndez y Pelayo (Madrid, 1880–1900), i, 136.

^{page 19 note 10} Cf. W. S. Hendrix, Some native comic types in the early Spanish drama, Ohio State University Bulletin, i, 3 (1924), 20–22.

^{page 19 note 11} Cf. W. H. Shoemaker, The multiple stage in Spain during the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, Princeton, 1935, p. 86 ff.

^{page 20 note 12} ABAAB:DdCCD in the Egloga o Farsa del Nascimiento; ABBA:CcDCcC for the letter. Cf. Morley, Strophes in the Spanish drama, Horn. MPidal, i, 508.

^{page 20 note 13} Cf. A. M. Espinosa, “La sinalefa entre versos en la versificación española,” RR, xvi (1925), 103 ff.

^{page 21 note 14} Cf. Durán, Romancero general, i, lxxiv; Gallardo, nr. 3768.

^{page 21 note 15} The printed catalogue of the British Museum puts them under Sancho de Salaya [1540?], author of a Repertorio delos tiempos (Granada, 1542); but Gallardo had them under Alonso. Dr. Thomas's ‘Short-title catalogue’ omits the christian name.

^{page 22 note 16} Cf. Durán, Romancero general, ii, 644/3.—D. Francisco Rodríguez Marín recognized them in the original pliego (cf. nueva ed. crit., v, 212) after Cortejón had vainly looked for their source in Durán's collection. In fact D. Francisco himself assumed that they were not to be found there. It is quite possible, of course, that these lines are a quotation or an echo from a lost romance about King Favila of Asturias; cf. Morley, Spanish ballads (New York, 1911), p. xxx.

^{page 22 note 17} Más de 21.OOO refranes (Madrid, 1926), p. 244. The Maldiciones are also alluded to in the ‘Carta inédita de Mateo Alemán a Miguel de Cervantes’, published by Adolfo de Castro in El Buscapié (Cádiz, 1848), pp. 61, 191.

^{page 22 note 18} Heredia reads ‘Misanco.‘

^{page 22 note 19} It is not identical with the British Museum copy, as the asterisk in the Hispanic Society's catalogue of Books printed before 1601, p. 218, would indicate.

^{page 23 note 20} Romancero general, i, lxxii, col. 1; lxxiv, col. 1 and ii, 644–646, from the “Coplas hechas por Diego García.” Durán even attributes them to García. According to Salvá the gothic edition first described by himself shows many variant readings when compared with Durán's reprint.

^{page 23 note 21} The designation El Prudente, later current in books about Philip, such as Vander Hammen's Don Filipe el Prudente (1625) or Porreño's Dichos y hechos (1628), was given to him already by his contemporaries (cf. Bratli, Philippe II [Paris, 1912], pp. 119, 224–226), but naturally not until this quality had become notable in his conduct.

^{page 54 note 1} –2 O que valles tan luzidos ‖ The catalogue of Ferdinand Columbus (nr. 12. 987) according to E. Cotarelo, “Catálogo de obras dramáticas … nr. 114) mentioned a farsa by Alonso de Proaza beginning with the same two lines.

^{page 54 note 9} tan quillotrido escombrado ‖ For quillotrido cf. 211 quillotreros; 302 aquillotrado. This muletilla, derived from aquel-otro or, more often, from aquello-otro has taken many forms in Sayagués as well as in more current Spanish, some of which have recently been tabulated by M. Romera-Navarro, “‘Quillotro’ y sus variantes,” HR, ii, (1934), 217–226. Here it evidently means fair, pretty. Cf. infra 51. ‖ escombrado, for lugar desembarazado de escombros, is not recorded by the current dictionaries either as an adjective or as a substantive. But Covarrubias (1611), who nonchalantly derived it from sombra, has the adjective: lo que esta limpio y desembaraçado and so had A. de la Porte's Spanish-Dutch “Dictionaris” (Antwerp 1659): gheruymt, ontkommert; and the “Sobrino aumentado” (Antwerp, 1769) explained it as nettoyé, débarassé, although the “Sobrino” of Brussels (1721) had marked it obsolete. The “Autoridades” also records it as antiquated. Cf. Cervantes, “Viaje del Parnaso,” ed. F. Rodríguez Marin, p. 220.

^{page 54 note 11} remirada la hermosura ‖ Cf. 667, 1209; remirarse = complacerse, recrearse en mirar (Ac., s.v., 3). Diego de San Pedro, La Passion trobada (repr. 1566) ed. J. de Urquijo, Rev. de Estudios Vascos (1931), p. 57 aquellos oios sagrados/en que tu te rremirauas; Carvajal, Josephina, ed. Gillet, 1. 2292.

^{page 55 note 19} sin engorra ‖ The current dictionary of the Academy, following the Autoridades, considers engorra = detención as archaic, but records engorrar = tardar (used by Encina) as still current in Salamanca (cf. Lamano) and in Aragon (not mentioned by Borao).

^{page 55 note 28} piensa que yo no percudo ‖ percudo (< Lat. percudere, to strike) is evidently the same verb as percundo = penetro, adevino, in LFernández, “Obras,' 144 No puedo entender, zagal,/Ni percundo,/Tu enfingir de mayoral. Cf. Sâ de Miranda, ed. C. Michaëlis de Vasconcellos, 924.

^{page 55 note 39} floque le hasta la hez/mas de veynte ‖ flocar=to hit, to throw (not, of course, aflojar, as Lamano suggests); Cf. Hernán López de Yanguas, “Farsa” (Cronan, i), 488 Buena çapoteta (sic) das! … tañeme tu … y veras como las fioco; Cejador, Verdadera poesía cast., iv, 18 Con este puñal me fioco. The form frocar is more frequent.

^{page 55 note 40} juria a san ‖ Cf. LFernández, 14 Allá carria a la majada (i.e. cara a). For other oaths cf. 120, 152, 350, 917. The meter calls for juria san; but see Gillet, Hom. Menéndez Pidal, i, 446 f.

^{page 55 note 50} Mas no es el ni se quien hu ‖ T. quien ha ‖ hu, cf. Pietsch. ZRPh., xxxv, 179.

^{page 55 note 51} ni lo llotra mi sentido ‖ For llotrar, perllotrar, pellotrar, pelletrar, all variants of aquellotrar (cf. supra 9) with perhaps, in the latter forms, influence of penetrar, cf. Gillet, “An Easter-play by Juan de Pedraza,” RHi, lxxxi, (1933), 557. Pedraza, in his “Comedia de Sancta Susaña,” 26, has exactly the same line.

^{page 55 note 57} otea ‖ Cf. 446 oteo; Cejador, “Vocab. medieval,” s.v.; Encina, LFernández etc. passim. A. Castro, RFE., v, 28 ff. rejects optare (Diez) and suggests <altu, which Wagner, ibid., ix, 326 supports by referring to Chilean altear (Chiloé, cf. Cavada, “Dicc. manual Isleño,” 15).

^{page 55 note 60} No conoces al robrado/domingo ‖ robrado <rōb$obratus = strong, or <r$ubboratus = red? The word roblado used by card-sharpers in one of Eslava's “Coloquios” (ed. Icazbalceta, p. 77): esta carta está roblada should be translated as marked with red, rather than connected with roblar= to reinforce, to rivet.

^{page 55 note 63} de la bayla enamorado ‖ bayla: Cejador, “Vocab. medieval,” s.v. has examples from the “Alexandre” and the “Pícara Justina.” Castillejo, “Obras,” ed. J. Domínguez Bordona, ii, 60 Madre, un escudero/que estaba en esta baila … According to E. Cotarelo, “Entremeses,” (NBAE) i, clxiv, the word was also used by Quevedo.

^{page 55 note 64} saltador del correndero ‖ correndero, with intrusive n (cf. 65 palanciano); corredero = running track. “Autoridades” has corredero = sitio para correr los caballos.

^{page 55 note 68} palanciano ‖ Cf. Cejador, “Vocab. med.,” s.v. and supra 64.

^{page 55 note 70} cono[ç]o ‖ T. conoco; cf. 1394 ofreçamos; Encina, “Teatro,” 127 ¿No parezo así escudero? 338 Et in eo se conoza/Tu poder; also Menéndez Pidal, “Dialecto leonés,” §18, 4; Münthe, “Anteckningar,” 47; Krüger, “Westspanische Mundarten,” §438.

^{page 56 note 71} so las bestias ‖ so is, of course, a fairly common equivalent of sino; cf. 325.

^{page 56 note 74} y deue ser quoique trato ‖ trato here probably in the sense of mal trato, more specifically matraca = hazing. Covarrubias explains: Trato en la Universidad de Alcalá, vale lo mesmo que en la de Salamanca. Matraca, que es afligir a los nueuos con dezirles algunas cosas de chocarreria, y libertad. Here perhaps a more vigorous treatment, as in Encina's “Auto del Repelón.”

^{page 56 note 99} veys que prenda su palabra ‖ Read: ¿veys qué prenda [es] su palabra?; or, taking prendar in an unrecorded meaning: veys que su palabra prenda [vale como prenda?] ni aun vn rabo d'vna oueja; or even, with prender in the obsolete meaning of tomar, recibir: ¡fialdes vuestra pelleja!/¡Yo ni aun vn rabo d'vna oueja!/¿veys [esperáis] que yo prenda su palabra?

^{page 56 note 115} me enhanço ‖ enhançarse = aventurarse? (<*infidantiare?).

^{page 56 note 117} ff. mas si fuessen demandados … ‖ The meaning seems to be: pero, ¿si me los pidiessen?/¿que prenda tendría que sacarles?/[pues] tomadles esos carneros; the herds being presumably the property of the dreaded palancianos.

^{page 56 note 120} cuerpo non de dios ‖ On neutralized oaths cf. Perolópez Ranjel, “Farça,” PMLA, xli (1926), 879.

^{page 56 note 123} entramos juntos yo i vos ‖ For the synaloepha yo-y cf. Robles Dégano, “Ortología,” 99. For the order of precedence in yo vos cf. 1341 and Carvajal, “Tragedia Josephina,” ed. Gillet, 2721.

^{page 56 note 126} y me aburro ‖ A somewhat misunderstood verb, here evidently meaning: yo me aventuro, as in Encina, “Cancionero,” 1496, fol. xcviij ro. Salta, salta sin falseta,/Aburre la zapateta; fol. xcvij ro. Si te tuuiera amorío/sabete cierto y notorio/que aburriera el desposorio/con todo su poderío (wrongly interpreted by Lamano, “Dialecto Salmantino,” 181) TNaharro, “Propalladia,” Naples, 1517, fol. E ro. Al demoño do el garçon/quen topando con la moça/no saburre y la retoça DSBadajoz, ed. Barrantes, i, 254 Yo me aburro, y de amorijo/Vos la quiero recuestar, i, 355 Despues de pasado un cacho,/Húbeme en fin de aburrir,/Y dígole sin empacho Horozco, “Cancionero,” Madrid, 1870, p. 134 Abúrrete, zagal/pues la zagaleja es tal Villegas, “Com. Selvagia” (1554) ed. Madrid, 1873, p. 287 si tuviese algún dinero, no faltaria quien … se aburriese á se casar comigo.

^{page 56 note 128} aballar ‖ T. a bailar; a verb found in Old Spanish (cf. Ruiz, “Libro de buen amor,” ed. Cejador, 1010d), frequent in Sayagués (cf. Lamano, “Dial. Salmantino,” s.v.), still in provincial and Spanish-American use (cf. Rato, “Frases bables”; García Rey, “Voc. del Bierzo,” 39; Dihigo, “Léxico cubano,” i, 4) but of obscure origin (cf. GdeDiego, “Miscelánea filol.: Interjecciones demostrativas,” 7: ava-allá?), expressing the idea of motion. Cf. 658.

^{page 56 note 136} a rempuxones ‖ The quebrado is too long. R. a empujones?

^{page 56 note 143} mi padre ques malogrado ‖ Evidently an exclamation equivalent to ¡Por vida de mi malogrado padre!, a variant of ¡mi padre!, ¡mi madre!, sometimes with an adjective ¡mi padre garrido! or in a phrase ¡Cortesía de mi padre! Cf. “D.Q.,” i, 47 ¿Católicas? ¡Mi padre!—respondió don Quijote; ii, 59 ¿Polla? Mi padre!—respondió Sancho. See also the notes with examples from sixteenth century dramatists by D. Francisco Rodríguez Marín, Cervantes, “D.Q.,” nueva ed. crítica, iii, 376, and ed. crítica iii, 365 ¡mi madre!); also Sbarbi-García, “Dicc, de refranes,” i, 4.

^{page 57 note 147} acotro dia ‖ Cf. 372, 395. For the demonstrative acotro cf. Gillet, RFE, xiv (1922), 314–316.

^{page 57 note 149} pelisque ‖ Cf. Pedro Suárez de Robles, “Danza del Santísimo Nacimiento,” PMLA, xliii, (1928), 627 Pellejon-Pelejon. Encina, 231, has alá (allá) and Salamanca (Lamano) falencia (fallendo).

^{page 57 note 160} mentis ‖ Notice the use of vos when the quarrel begins. With the reconciliation, l. 185 (quieres) the friendly tu is resumed.

^{page 57 note 205} has bebido/pardios si ‖ The original has the two half lines in one.

^{page 57 note 173} corajera ‖ No doubt a rare variant of the current corajina.

^{page 57 note 220} Hazete minucio dormido ‖ The line is too long. R. hazte (?).

^{page 57 note 264} gualardon ‖ The “Poema del Cid” already has the current galardon. Nequeruela's “Ardamisa” has gualardon (714) and the hero's name is spelled Gualirano and Galirano. Cf. also “Tragedia de los Amores de Eneas y de la Reyna Dido,” ed. Gillet and Williams, PMLA, xlvi, (1931), 362: ceguado 363: gualardon.

^{page 57 note 294} las gentes que me matays ‖ Perhaps this is meant to be incoherent. The rhyme of the next line, however, is only assonant.

^{page 57 note 301} queredes ‖ Cf. 302, 414, 989 estedes; 789 hablauades and Cuervo, Rom. xxii, 72 f.

^{page 57 note 308} con la fe y con el querer ‖ The line is too long. R. y el querer (?).

^{page 57 note 316} sin replica ‖ An unusual accent on the penult. Percivale-Minsheu (1623) already has réplica.

^{page 57 note 322} haziendo del chirrichote ‖ The current dictionary of the Academy records chirrichote as used in La Mancha with the meaning of necio, presumido.

^{page 57 note 338} señor yos lo sanare ‖ T. señores; R. yo os lo; cf. 777.

^{page 57 note 350} por san junco ‖ Cf. Pedraza, “An Easter-play,” ed. Gillet, RHi, lxxxi, (1933), 558.

^{page 57 note 357} es de potra—son passiones ‖ Our original has the two half lines in one.

^{page 57 note 367} gusano de ciento pies ‖ Note the numeral still without apocopation.

^{page 57 note 371} toma si la conocia ‖ For this imperfect equivalent to a present cf. “CMCid,” ed. Menéndez Pidal, i, 354.

^{page 57 note 390} digolo sabes porque ‖ R. sabés (sabeis) as in 393 podrés (podreis); cf. Cuervo, Rom., xxii, 71–73.

^{page 57 note 393} porque de fiesega se ‖ fiesega: Gr. >L. ph$ybs$ibca> V.L. *p(h)$ibsica, *f$ibsica, with Sayagués breaking of the accented Sp. e; TNaharro, “Aquilana,” iv, l. 231, has the probably older but semi-learned Spanish form hesicos LFernández 101 hesica (misinterpreted by Cañete, but correctly explained by Morel-Fatio, “Notes,” Rom., x [1881], 242). The meaning is the archaic one of medical science (cf. JRuiz 589). In an age of transition Covarrubias, quoting the axiom Vbi desinit Physicus, incipit Medicus, explained: los llamados Physicos en quanto saben la theorica de la medicina y Medicos en quanto con la practica nos curan. Físico for médico is still current in Cuenca and other parts of Castile (cf. J. López Barrera, “Anotaciones á los barbarismos y arcaismos usados en la prov. de Cuenca,” Cuenca, 1900, 33–35.

^{page 58 note 397} diaquillon ‖ diaquilón: ungüento con que se hacen emplastos para ablandar tumores (Ac.), with the frequent Sayagués palatalisation. Cf. C. Michaëlis de Vasconcellos, “Mestre Giraldo,” Rev. Lusit., xiii, (1910), “separata,” p. 153.

^{page 58 note 424} nos responde ‖ R. respondé—responded.

^{page 58 note 429} pus ‖ Cf. Alvarez Gato, “Obras,” ed. J. Artiles Rodríguez, 65 Y pus que tan claro guio and Fink, “Studien über die Mundart der Sierra de Gata,” Hamburg, 1929, p. 96.

^{page 58 note 436} ques yr a buscalle ‖ As the more frequent quiés (cf. 779, 960) is to quieres, so ques, here perhaps under the influence of the Portuguese ques, is to queres. For quies cf. Pietsch, MLN, xxvi, (1911), 98 f. and add Cejador, “Verd. poes. cast.,” iv, 263 Dame tú mi corazón,/Zagala, si quiés, primero (hardly earlier than Encina); Ortiz, “Radiana,” l. 216; “Com. Rosiela” (Cronan) l. 1213 etc. For ques cf. “Questión de Amor” (“Oríg. de la nov.,” ed. Menéndez y Pelayo, ii, 69):—Duermes, Tormo.—¿Qué qués, que no duermo? Cuervo, “Apuntaciones,” 5th ed. 76,764, has discussed the phonology of Colombian quero, quen, queto. Cf. Seb. Hernández, “Trag. Policiana” (1547) ap. “Oríg. de la nov.,” iii, 42/2 Machorro, hortolano: Ha, señora nuestra ama, de guis que no chere de la fructa? In the “Periquillo Sarniento” (Mexico, 1884, ii, 160) a payo says: Pues yo señor, quero que me haga el favor … The use of chero, quero, long a rustic tradition (the Alcalde de aldea and the Sacristán still use it in the entremeses of Quiñones de Benavente, cf. Cotarelo, “Entremeses,” ii, 536 [1645], 622 [1664]) becomes in the sixteenth century a melindre of girls affecting innocence and of old women affecting youth. Along with no sabo. Alemán, “Guzmán de Alfarache,” ed. Cejador, i, 53 speaks of the “vejezuela” [que] bien sabia … todo el cuento y era de las que dizen: no chero, no sabo; and Suárez de Figueroa, “El Pasajero,” ed. Rodríguez Marín, 171 exclaims: ¿Hay cosa tan ridícula como oir en la boca de una vieja un no chero? Cf. also chen = quien, “Trag. Policiana,” l.c. 43/1 O hi de puta, y chen la sobase aca pechadura.

^{page 58 note 440} por esta ‖ Presumably esta cruz, which he may illustrate by crossing fingers or making the sign of the cross.

^{page 58 note 462} sintia ‖ Contamination with forms showing influence of following yod.

^{page 58 note 548} se mueua auer piedad ‖ Supply the a embebida: a auer; cf. 630.

^{page 58 note 574} las fatigas ‖ T. la fatigas.

^{page 58 note 599} tornada ‖ T. tornado.

^{page 58 note 601} si as mi vida remediada ‖ as may have full verbal strength: si tiene mi vida remediada, although a past participle in agreement with the object is not impossible: cf. Reynosa, “Coplas de las comadres,” RABM, xxxiii, (1929), 34 piensan los tristes despues/que los virgos han sacados (rhyme: ensangrentados).

^{page 58 note 602} hallarasme en la posada ‖ here probably, as doubtless in 644, posada = casa propia; cf. Güete, “Tesorina,” 841 ff. pues ya eres mi muger,/parece cosa escusada,/pues al fin se ha de saber,/no llebarte a mi posada; also 323; Cervantes, “D.Q.,” i, 6 (el Cura al Barbero) tenedlo recluso en vuestra posada, “Rinconete y Cortadillo,” ed. F. Rodríguez Marín, note 186; Lope, “Las bizarrías de Belisa,” (Obras sueltas, i, 272, etc.). Already Toscanella (1568) and Las Casas (1670) have only the meaning mesón. Covarrubias (1611) mentions casa propia only as a secondary meaning and Franciosini (1620), Percivale-Minsheu (1622), de la Porte (1659), Sobrino (1722) ignore it. It reappears as first meaning, however, and quite naturally, in the “Autoridades” (1737), which the “Sobrino-Cormon” (1769) and even the current dictionary of the Academy, as well as Tolhausen, Velázquez etc., rightly or wrongly, still follow. But Salvá, Marty Caballero, the “Pequeño Larousse” and others carry only what seems to be the only current meaning: mesón, fonda and the like.

^{page 59 note 630} hazer ‖ Probably with “a embebida”; cf. 548.

^{page 59 note 632} me darien ‖ Cf. 749 auie 929 auia and Perolópez Rangel, “Farça,” PMLA, xli, (1926), 888, l. 406.

^{page 59 note 658} aua que me deteneys ‖ Cf. supra, 128 and infra 1114; Gde Diego, loc. cit., 1 ff.; A. R. Gonçalves Viana, “Apostilas aos dicionários portugueses,” Lisboa, 1906, i, 2.

^{page 59 note 663} de alli se va ‖ T. de alli se se va.

^{page 59 note 684} se en todo lo que andays ‖ Attraction of the preposition; cf. Pietsch, “Spanish Grail fragments,” ii, 122 and MPhil., xxiv, (1927), 358.

^{page 59 note 710} conmigo ‖ T. comingo.

^{page 59 note 777} yos dare ‖ R. yo os, cf. 338; but 773, 812, 1077 yos=idos.

^{page 59 note 779} Si quieres hazer lo que quieres ‖ Evidently the first quieres should be read quies; cf. 436.

^{page 59 note 804} porque crea vuestra merce ‖ The line is too long, but perhaps vuestra merce was already shortened in pronunciation to mesasté or vosasté, although the contraction vosasted is not recorded before 1597. Cf. J. Plá Cárceles, “La evolución del tratamiento ‘vuestra merced’,” RFE, x, (1923), 253.

^{page 59 note 812} arripintays ‖ A case of “asimilación regresiva”; cf. Cuervo, “Apuntaciones,” 5th ed., 783.

^{page 59 note 870} mis tormentos desiguales ‖ desigual in the obsolete sense of extremado, excesivo; cf. 1272 and Carvajal, “Josephina,” l. 2762 cosas mas que desiguales.

^{page 59 note 880} no alcança con tu valor ‖ A rare construction, not recorded by Cuervo's “Diccionario.”

^{page 59 note 910} ff. no mueras por beneficio/antes que vayas de ay ‖ The meaning seems to be: “go before you get the benefit of a quick death on the spot.”

^{page 59 note 912} f. señora yo nunca fuy/en hazer tal maleficio ‖ For ser en with the infinitive, meaning meterse en, cf. Cejador, “Fraseologia,” ii, 525/1.

^{page 59 note 917} juro a la casa sancta ‖ Cf. Branthôme, “Oeuvres,” ed. Mérimée-Lacour, ix, 192, records among Spanish sixteenth-century soldiers' oaths: Si, por la casa santa de Jerusalem and Si, por el Sepulcro santo, en el qual el hijo de Dios fué sepultado.

^{page 59 note 922} estoy aborrida ‖ Cf. 126; but here the meaning of aborrida is evidently desesperada; cf. Salaya, “Maldiciones,” ap. Durán, “Romancero general,” ii, 644 De la torre de Membrot/Te despeñes aborrido Perolópez Ranjel, “Farça,” PMLA, xli, (1926), 869 O dios praga no te aburras/por una burra pelada.

^{page 60 note 925} yo se muy cierto ‖ Too long; R. se muy cierto (?).

^{page 60 note 929} que me auia de deseruir ‖ R. auia = auié; cf. 759.

^{page 60 note 964} força la voluntad ‖ forçai where forceys would have been expected.

^{page 60 note 965} o cupido ‖ T. o cumpido.

^{page 60 note 988} que muere sin ningun miedo ‖ For the rhyme we should read: ningun medio.

^{page 60 note 1006} trayeras ‖ future; cf. Cuervo, “Apuntaciones,” 4th ed., 274.

^{page 60 note 1019} f. Si tu fueres creydo/de aquesto ‖ The meaning is probably: Si te creen lo que …; but the syntax is unusual. Cuervo, “Dicc.,” ii, 587–2, quoting “D.Q.,” i, 37 No me creo desos juramentos, might be referred to if the meaning here were: Si tu crees lo que …

^{page 60 note 1039} chega y chanta vna pancada ‖ chantar is the archaic plantar, fincar (Moraes).

^{page 60 note 1041} y nam faças de pedrada ‖ The mozo evidently wants to do the knocking with a stone.

^{page 60 note 1043} queyn nam podo dar enollos ‖ podo: probably = pôde, pret. 3 p.s., a “galleguismo,” cf. J. J. Nunes, “Crestomatia arcaica,” 2nd ed., 60, 117, 589. ‖ queyn: cf. the Portuguese in DSBadajoz, “Recopilación,” ed. Barrantes, ii, 173 queyn: Luis Margarit, ed. Crawford, PMLA, xxiv, (1909), 18, 27 beyn; Timoneda, “Obras,” i, 464 ningeyn; also infra 1158 pareynte.

^{page 60 note 1048} queyn te posso en aporto ‖ posso: another “galleguismo” for pose (pôs), pret. 3 p.s. of poer, pôr; cf. Nunes, l.c. 590 ‖ en aporto: rhyme morto, probably a mistake or misprint for eno porto, no porto; cf. 1053 esta porto ‖ porto: here perhaps with the localized meaning explained by Moraes as nos coutos de Alcobaça … urna abertura, por onde se entra em fazenda, que tem tapigo, i.e., an opening in a hedge, leading into an estate. If this is the meaning the detail should be noted for the staging. Cf. introduction.

^{page 60 note 1049} de castelan tan ratiño ‖ T. De castelan, i.e., castelāo, the proper Portuguese form, older than the castilianized modern castelhano; cf. A. R. Gonçalves Viana, “Apostilas,” i, 254 f. and Nunes, “Crestomatia,” 557. Cf. also 1090, 1155, 1167, 1173 castejao(s) and Margarit, PMLA, xxiv, 29 castellans; Rouanet, “Autos,” ii, 336 and Góngora, “Letrillas,” BAE, xxxii, 493 castejao; Timoneda, “Obras,” i, 464 f. castejano; Carvajal, “Cortes,” BAE, xxxv, 37/3 castesao.

^{page 60 note 1050} y a mi porque foy en ela ‖ For foy, still current in popular speech, mod. fui, cf. Nunes, “Crestomatia,” 572, “Compêndio,” p. 341, n. 1, and J. Leite de Vasconcellos, “Textos arcaicos,” 177.

^{page 60 note 1051} non vajas ya merdiño ‖ vajas, mod. vás; in the province of Algarve vaia is still in use; cf. Nunes, “Compêndio,” 347, n. 2 ‖ merdiño: cf. 1078, 1103, 1136, 1141, 1153. The stage-Portuguese of the sixteenth century seems to have had a strong liking for stercoraceous words: cf. TNaharro, “Tinellaria,” ii, 68 f. mais seuella e tudo o mundo /he merda para lisboa; Timoneda, “Obras,” i, 301, 335, 337, 465; “Comedia Fenisa” (“Cinco obras,” ed. Bonilla) RHi, xxvii, (1912), 108. See also Negeruela, “Ardamisa,” 373, 386, 535 and infra 1082, 1112.

^{page 61 note 1056} y fare muy beyn penante ‖ beyn: cf. 1043, 1144.

^{page 61 note 1058} y, par des que nam lo nego ‖ par des, pardês: cf. Nunes, “Compêndio,” 361 n. 1; J. Leite de Vasconcellos, “Licôes de filologia portuguesa,” Lisboa, 1926, p. 400.

^{page 61 note 1059} prazades mi coraçon ‖ prazer with a personal subject is unusual, cf. Dunn, “A grammar of the Portuguese language,” Washington, 1928, §494.

^{page 61 note 1060} poys vos vejo tan graçosa ‖ graçosa: graciosa, influenced perhaps by graça.

^{page 61 note 1061} veña en vossa contraçaon ‖ contraçaon, r. contriçaon, with the unusual meaning of “pity”?

^{page 61 note 1062} de quitarme a prisaon ‖ T. aprisaon.

^{page 61 note 1067} que nom veño de judeus ‖ nom: cf. the spelling nam in 1058, 1074 ‖ judeus: cf. 1170; a favorite Portuguese insult, oftenest leveled at the Spanish. The Portuguese in TNaharro's “Tinellaria” (ii) maintained that Iudas foi cordoues (l. 111) while deus foi portogues; he referred to the Spaniards as porcos judeus (l. 39) or marraons (l. 96). The Portuguese's antisemitism flares up in the “Cortes de la Muerte” (p.36/3) against Don Farón. Cf. Diego Hurtado de Mendoza, “Sermón de Aljubarrota,” in Paz y Melia, “Sales españolas,” i, 116: El portugués volvió muy to enojado para el zapatero, puesta la mano en la espada y diciendo:—Vilan judeo de Castela … As Viterbo “Elucidario,” ii, 174/2 says: E se os Portuguezes chaman aos Hespanhoes Rabudos (cf. infra 1173), estes os tratam de Judios. Cf. also Negeruela, “Ardamisa,” 375, 393, 396, 401, 1293.

^{page 61 note 1068} que chaço con tal corraçon ‖ chaçar = fazer ou dar chaça; obsolete (Caldas Aulete, 1925 ed.) ‖ For corraçon cf. 1126.

^{page 61 note 1070} o que quereys ‖ For the non-disjunctive o cf. Carvajal, “Josephina,” ed. Gillet, 250.

^{page 61 note 1072} ca muyto que nem vos vi ‖ ca = que há ‖ nem: probably for nam, não, under influence, perhaps, of nem.

^{page 61 note 1074} jam ferreez nam conoceys ‖ Cf. 1145; for the spelling jam, jão (cf. Jão de boa alma, Moraes) = Joham, mod. João, and also nam (cf. 1079) and -om (cf. 1047, 1067 et passim) cf. Leite de Vasconcellos, “Lições,” 136, n. 3; 142 ff.

^{page 61 note 1078} o merdiño namorado ‖ namorado: for the Spanish (?) origin of the word cf. Leite, “Lições,” 274 ff.

^{page 61 note 1079} Nam me vejes tan fitado ‖ Cf. 1102 crejedes (credes), 1173 crejes (crês); vejes (vês) by analogy with the 1st p.s. vejo ‖ fitado = firme.

^{page 61 note 1081} portugues atan pentodo ‖ pentado, perhaps not = penteado (although Ayres Rosado's life was just pentear e jejuar), but rather for pintado, as in ficar pintado, which Caldas Aulete explains as follows: (Fam.) … ficar sem alguma coisa que esperava obter; ficar logrado, desapontado.

^{page 61 note 1082} que ya esto escagarizado ‖ Cf. Negeruela, “Ardamisa,” 107 yreys miñas maos escagarriçado; Cuervo suggested a mixture of Port. escarrapiçar = pelar, despojar and Sp. desgarrar, destrizar. The obsession of cagar, however (cf. 1086, 1092, 1051), should not be forgotten.

^{page 61 note 1087} nam son ratiño de veyra ‖ son = som (arc.) or a misreading for sou; cf. 1094 so ‖ ratiño de veyra cf. 1063, 1105 and Moraes, s.v. ratinho: epitheto injurioso, que se dá aos da Beira, que são escaços, e caínhos, illiberaes. Correas, “Vocabulario” (2nd ed.) 73 records as a defensa de los ratiños de la Vera de Portugal the saying: Aunque somos de la Vera, no nos echan de la iglesia.

^{page 62 note 1088} que por vos tan morto chaço ‖ chaço, probably for jazo, jaço.

^{page 62 note 1090} ca nam tenen castejaos ‖ ca, a rare form of the relative que; cf. Nunes, “Compêndio,” 261, n. 1.

^{page 62 note 1091} di que me toman passoes ‖ di que: perhaps a mistake for de que = desque = desde que.

^{page 62 note 1092} chanto muchos cagalloes/por mita de os tellados ‖ For chanto cf. 1039. Did the author remember TNaharro's “Tinellaria,” ii, 106 ff., where Mathia derisively says, aiming at the Portuguese: y aun dizen en sus razones /algunos mas ahotados/que chantauaos cagallones/por enriba dos tellados (?). Cf. Negeruela, “Ardamisa,” 386 ff. si con esta maño/gafo o asniño Por os cancellados, /si nan vos lo chanto por essos tellados,/que nan lo faleys en todo este año.

^{page 62 note 1096} f. esta siempre por vos ver/a sigado muy turbado ‖ The text reads asigado, but the meaning is not clear. R. êste and há sido?

^{page 62 note 1100} nam vos fazades tan lerda ‖ T. farades ‖ lerdo=estúpido, pesado, in spite of J. Moreira, “Estudos da lingua portuguesa,” Lisboa, 1913, ii, 243, is recorded in most dictionaries.

^{page 62 note 1102} crejedes ‖ Cf. 1079.

^{page 62 note 1104} nam briteys ynde ‖ Cf. 1139; the archaic britar, perhaps still current in the province of Beira, is explained by Viterbo as quebrar, romper, despedaçar, arrombar, and might be rendered here as to feel cut up, torn; to despair ‖ ynde: cf. 1108, 1114; inde, ende, ainda.

^{page 62 note 1108} fazer tal cosiña ‖ Cf. GVicente, “Obras,” ed. Mendes dos Remedios, ii, 245 Riome de mil cousinhas.

^{page 62 note 1112} o meja de vos ‖ Cf. 1114 mejaros; meja = mija, urina; cf. 1051.

^{page 62 note 1113} eneste minho birrete ‖ birrete: perhaps a castilianism (cf. Sp. birrete, birreta). Moraes has birreta = veste antiga propria dos ecclesiasticos, de que todos usavam.

^{page 62 note 1114} caba ynde de mejaros ‖ It might be possible to explain caba as the archaic conjunction ca < quare (cf. 1130) and aba, ava (cf. 658), the troublesome interjection meaning guárdate, look out, discussed at length by Gde Diego, “Miscellanea filol.: Interjecciones”: Evad. The prevalent Portuguese form ávacha, ávache, áveche (Moraes) the late Carolina Michaelis de Vasconcellos considered as “Verdrehung des guten alten gallicisch-portugiesichen áveche (=habe tibi) im Sinne von toma-la.” Cf. “Tausend Portugiesische Sprichwörter,” Festschrift Tobler, 1905, 16, n. 4.

^{page 62 note 1119} tornade vos a janela ‖ T. ajanela ‖ tornade, but passim ollay, 1106 day 1109 falayd 1111 falad.

^{page 62 note 1120} nam cureys cerra a porta ‖ R. cerrar (?).

^{page 62 note 1121} dezir vos he vna nouela ‖ dezir (sic) ‖ nouela: here not, as the earliest Portuguese lexicographer, Cardoso (1570), as well as the next one in date, Barbosa (1611), interpret it, patranha, but perhaps the pre-Boccaccian meaning of novella d'amore (cf. T. Atkinson Jenkins, PMLA, xlii, [1927], p. xlv f.).

^{page 63 note 1122} trajes miña viuela ‖ For the spelling trajes (trages) 2 p.s. ind. pres., instead of trazes, cf. 1124 trajo (trago) and Leite, “Textos arcaicos,” 194; Nunes, “Compêndio,” 342 f.

^{page 63 note 1123} que teña bofiña morta ‖ teña=tenía ‖ bofiña: probably Bofiña, a proper name, variant of Mofina (?).

^{page 63 note 1124} si trajo que te la aqui ‖ R. qu'he [hei] te la aqui (?).

^{page 63 note 1126} poys por vos tan lon morri ‖ lon: a fanciful apocopation of longamente (?) ‖ For morri cf. 1068.

^{page 63 note 1127} escucha de mi cancion ‖ The more or less partitive de after escutar not unusual, for instance in Old French (cf. Tobler, “Beiträge,” i, 17), is no longer current in Portuguese; cf. A. E. da Silva Dias, “Syntaxe hist. port.,” Lisboa, 1918, §176, 6.

^{page 63 note 1134} o corpo de deus ‖ Apparently a favorite Portuguese oath; cf. TNaharro, “Tinellaria,” Act i, 463; ii, 37; Negueruela, “Ardamisa,” 350, 379; Melgar, “Comedia Fenisa” (“Cinco obras,” ed. Bonilla) 108.

^{page 63 note 1135} salte fora ‖ Evidently a hispanicized sai-te.

^{page 63 note 1138} seyais borta ‖ borta: a form of bruta (?).

^{page 63 note 1140} mi bisoña limpareys ‖ bisoña: the word has, of course, nothing to do with the adjective bisonho, -a=novel. The expression may well mean: me limpiareis el c …, and, in that case one might think of the French word besogne, used, notably in the sixteenth century, as a “muletilla,” like mod. affaire, chose, for a word that could not decently be expressed; cf. Huguet, “Dict. de la langue fr. du seizième siecle,” s.v. besongne.

^{page 63 note 1140} choro merda a vossa porta ‖ A definite and traditional insult, as a disposition of the “Forum Conche,” ed. G. H. Allen (Univ. of Cincinnati Stud., v, [1909], vi, [1910], cap. vi, 13: De eo qui ad portam egesserit alienam, will show; cf. also the “Fuero de Zorita de los Canes,” ed. R. de Ureña, Madrid, 1911, p. 125: Tod aquel que puerta agena cagare etc.

^{page 63 note 1146} paryente de ruy de brito ‖ The Brito family name was generally known in Spain as well as in Portugal, from the thirteenth century Sueiro de Brito to Duarte de Brito, who appears in the “Cancionero de Resende,” and many others. Cf. Negueruela, “Ardamisa,” 1328 f. E teno tantino de parenteyra / a o rey don Briteyro de Portugal. The stage Portuguese is prone to boast of his illustrious kin; thus in Carvajal's “Cortes de la Muerte,” BAE, xxxv, 36: Fidalgo é muy to pariente/de o gran Rey. Tirayvos lá./Vasco Figueyra me chamo,/Muyto servidor de damas … This fidalgo was evidently known to Alonso de la Vega, in whose “Comedia de la Duquesa de la Rosa” (“Tres comedias” ed. Menéndez y Pelayo, 77) he reappears, saying: Dezey que Brasco Figueyra, parente do Rey, hermano do Arçobispo de Bergança …

^{page 63 note 1150} veño de partes dalen ‖ The stage Portuguese also likes to boast of his prowess against the Moors; cf. Alonso de la Vega, “Tres comedias,” 77 que foy Capitan en las partes de Alen/y de Aquen Timoneda, “Rosalina,” “Obras,” i, 464 que boto a demo en armada/de Tunez a miña espada/ningeyn le fizo desden./—Donde?—Empartes de alen.

^{page 64 note 1153} que me den muytas merdeyras ‖ den: probably dão confused with the subj. pres. dêem.

^{page 64 note 1154} ff. teño espada de maneyras/que os castejaos traga ‖ Cf. Negueruela “Ardamisa” 1386 f. Ceño eo espada … que traga os omes sin moyta tardança.

^{page 64 note 1156} de parte rey muy prudente ‖ Perhaps the meter forced out the usual de (or do) after de parte. For the allusion in rey muy prudente cf. the introduction p.

^{page 64 note 1173} vos soys castejao raboso ‖ Cf. TNaharro “Tinellaria” Act ii, 98 f. naun brinqueys con castelaons/que trazen tan longo o rabo. Says Viterbo “Elucidario” ii, 174 Já conta alguns seculos o prejuizo louco, com que o vulgo Portuguez chama aos Castelhanos Rabudos, como se nascessem com um grande e vergonhoso rabo. The learned lexicographer recalls the fact that Da. Brites, wife of King Diniz, and Spanish, was popularly supposed to have had a tail, and also, more aptly, that this queen introduced into Portugal the cottas de rabo, which caused the lower classes to call her Rabuda and all her countrymen rabudos. In Negueruela's “Ardamisa” the Portuguese calls the aguador “raboso” and even the gypsy rabosa (cf. 392, 444, 463). But the accusation was soon turned against the Portuguese themselves: cf. “Tragicomedia alegórica” (Cronan), p. 271, veres/vn hidalgo portugues/venir a aqueste passage,/con gran rabo, silla page; Correas, “Voc. de refranes,” 2nd ed., 407 records the saying: Portugués seboso, portugués rabudo, adding: rabudo moteja de bestia.

^{page 64 note 1174} calla portugues seboso ‖ The right answer to rabudo, as Laurelo knew, was seboso or derretido. So the aguador in Negueruela's “Ardamisa” retorted (404) Vistes qual vino el suzio seboso! Satan, in Carvajal's “Cortes de la Muerte,” BAE, xxxv, 37/3 calls after the Portuguese: Volvé, volvé, don seboso. The reason, says the entertaining Pinheiro da Veiga (“Fastiginia,” tr. N. Alonso Cortés, Valladolid, 1916, p. 159) early in the next century: la razón que ellos dan es que nos derretimos luego de enamorados; los nuestros dicen que de sævus, como crueles en la batalla de Aljubarrota; y nunca pude saber la razón hasta que, yendo acaso con Jorge de Souza, por donde estaban lavando las lavanderas, dijo una: “Huélgome de ver este portugués, que no es seboso como los demás.” Pregunté la razón y dijo: “Porque no anda sucio ni ensebado como los demás.” Y por andar sucios ordinariamente y mal vestidos, nos llaman sebosos. Elsewhere in the same memoir (p. 18) we read: Hermanos sebosos, ¿no me dirán por qué los llaman sebosos, siendo tan magros? Respondió un amigo (Marcos Salgado): “Señora hermana, por las muchas manchas que habemos echado en las mejores ropas de Castilla.” Gracián (“Criticón,” pt. III, ed. Cejador, ii, 256) confirms one of the Portuguese explanations: Llámanles sebosos vulgarmente; pero ellos échanlos á crueles en sus memorables batallas and the same explanation was comically misunderstood by Dr. del Rosal (ap. Cejador, “Fraseología,” s.v. ‘Portugués’: … se llamaron sevosos, por suevosos, de los suevos. Cf. also Cervantes, “D.Q.,” ed. crít. de F. Rodríguez Marín, iii, 37 and Correas, 2nd ed., 407.

^{page 65 note 1178} ynde y ‖ y probably for ide, influenced by the Castilian y for id; cf. 777.

^{page 65 note 1179} nos enojedes ‖ Either this should read enojeys, or the preceding rhyme-word conocedes.

^{page 65 note 1182} mas yo lo departire ‖ departir: probably, as in O.Sp., explicar.

^{page 65 note 1193} f. que con esta le harpara/las narizes y la cara ‖ esta, his hand ‖ harpar, arpar, rasgar.

After 1200 ‖ Exclamacion: For this vestige of lyric forms such as the Contemplación, Comparación etc., based, perhaps, on the “spiritual exercises” of the mystics, cf. “Tres Pasos de la Pasión,” ed. Gillet, PMLA, xlvii, (1932), 975. The same heading: “Exclamacion” should precede line 965.

^{page 65 note 1225} con crueza ‖ T. cruezas.

^{page 65 note 1235} desuiesses ‖ In the original the word is almost obliterated by an ink-spot.

^{page 65 note 1285} como si fuera tu estraño ‖ A curious substitute for como si te fuere estraño, originating, no doubt, from the equivalence between le soy amigo and soy su amigo. The substantive amigo might be replaced by an adjective used as a substantive: le soy conocido = soy su conocido (modern usage conocido suyo); finally an adjective would be used: le soy leal = soy su leal.

^{page 65 note 1292} y te agrade mi tormento ‖ Cañete underlined the puzzling subjunctive agrade. R. agrada (?).

^{page 65 note 1293} si quieres facer beneficio ‖ quieres is monosyllabic; cf. 779.

^{page 65 note 1322} que pueda vida pagaros ‖ R. que pueda [en]vida (?). Cf. 1331.

^{page 65 note 1323} aquesta merced trunfante ‖ trunfante: Cf. Corvacho 2, 3 (ap. Cejador, Voc. medieval, 397) Trunfas con argenteria, polseras brosladas; still in use in Murcia, cf. García Soriano, “Voc. murciano,” 128. In Western Asturian it is still a term of card-playing, cf. Acevedo-Fernández, “Voc. del Bable de Occidente,” 215; in certain parts of Aragon the variation trunfa-triunfa (= patata; cf. Ferraz y Castán, “Voc. de Ribagorza,” 104) indicates a tolerance of the same phenomenon. It may also be noted that the vowels of the first syllable of triunfar, which, as Robles Dégano, “Ortología,” §290, observed, “naturalmente pedían azeuxis,” were almost always diphthongized.

^{page 65 note 1331} pues que ya vida sessamos ‖ In view of line 1322, we might read ya [en] vida (cf. 1322) and explain this by the puzzling entry in Las Casas (1570) sessar=Mancare, restare, rimanere.

^{page 65 note 1338} nos ha torgado ‖ R. ha atorgado; atorgar, the archaic form of otorgar; cf. the Academy's new “Diccionario histórico,” s.v.

^{page 65 note 1364} f. penada/por lo que señora mueres ‖ that is: por lo por que mueres.

^{page 65 note 1382} ques ya tarde ‖ T. ques es ya tarde.

^{page 65 note 1394} Ofreçamos ‖ T. ofrecamos.

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Farsa Hecha Por Alonso De Salaya

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