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Variability of butterfat content in cacao (Theobroma cacao L.): combination and correlation with other seed-derived traits at the International Cocoa Genebank, Trinidad

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 May 2008

N. Khan ,
L. A. Motilal ,
D. A. Sukha ,
F. L. Bekele ,
A. D. Iwaro ,
G. G. Bidaisee ,
P. Umaharan ,
L. H. Grierson  and
D. Zhang
N. Khan
Affiliation:
Cocoa Research Unit, University of the West Indies, St Augustine, Trinidad, Republic of Trinidad and Tobago, West Indies
L. A. Motilal*
Affiliation:
Cocoa Research Unit, University of the West Indies, St Augustine, Trinidad, Republic of Trinidad and Tobago, West Indies
D. A. Sukha
Affiliation:
Cocoa Research Unit, University of the West Indies, St Augustine, Trinidad, Republic of Trinidad and Tobago, West Indies
F. L. Bekele
Affiliation:
Cocoa Research Unit, University of the West Indies, St Augustine, Trinidad, Republic of Trinidad and Tobago, West Indies
A. D. Iwaro
Affiliation:
Cocoa Research Unit, University of the West Indies, St Augustine, Trinidad, Republic of Trinidad and Tobago, West Indies
G. G. Bidaisee
Affiliation:
Cocoa Research Unit, University of the West Indies, St Augustine, Trinidad, Republic of Trinidad and Tobago, West Indies
P. Umaharan
Affiliation:
Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of the West Indies, St Augustine, Trinidad, Republic of Trinidad and Tobago, West Indies
L. H. Grierson
Affiliation:
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of the West Indies, St Augustine, Trinidad, Republic of Trinidad and Tobago, West Indies
D. Zhang
Affiliation:
Sustainable Perennial Crops Laboratory, USDA-ARS, BARC-West, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
*
*Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected]
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Abstract

Cocoa butterfat and cocoa powder are key economic products from the seeds of the cacao tree (Theobroma cacao L.). In this study, 323 accessions (comprised mainly of Upper Amazon Forasteros and Refractarios) from the International Cocoa Genebank, Trinidad were characterized for one biochemical and five morphological seed-derived traits. The data were analysed using non-parametric statistics including correlation analysis to identify promising parental candidates for future cacao breeding programmes. The Upper Amazon Forastero group had the greatest proportion of accessions with high butterfat content in cotyledons, whereas Refractario and Trinitario groups tended to contain more accessions with high butterfat content per fruit. The correlation of butterfat content of cotyledons with the dry mass of cotyledons was inconsistent in significance and direction. However, consistent significant positive correlations between butterfat content per fruit, cotyledon size and dry mass of cotyledons were found. The results suggested that butterfat content is a likely trait for independent selection but that selection for increased cotyledon size could lead to the selection of genotypes for high butterfat yield. Several promising accessions exhibited favourable levels of multiple traits and MATINA 1/7, CRU 51, AM 2/91 [POU], CRU 133, EET 58 [ECU] and POUND 18/A [POU] could be recommended as good choices for parental stock in breeding programmes for improving cacao butterfat content.

Keywords

breedingbutterfatcacaocorrelationseed traits
Type
Research Article
Information
Plant Genetic Resources , Volume 6 , Issue 3 , December 2008 , pp. 175 - 186
Copyright
Copyright © NIAB 2008

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