Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-rcrh6 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-27T21:58:01.308Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Genetic variation at flowering time loci in wild and cultivated barley

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  16 March 2011

James Cockram ,
Huw Hones  and
Donal M. O'Sullivan
James Cockram*
Affiliation:
National Institute of Agricultural Botany, Huntington Road, CambridgeCB3 0LE, UK
Huw Hones
Affiliation:
National Institute of Agricultural Botany, Huntington Road, CambridgeCB3 0LE, UK
Donal M. O'Sullivan
Affiliation:
National Institute of Agricultural Botany, Huntington Road, CambridgeCB3 0LE, UK
*
*Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The worldwide spread of barley cultivation required adaptation to agricultural environments far distant from those found in its centre of domestication. An important component of this adaptation is the timing of flowering, achieved predominantly in response to day length and temperature. Here, we use a collection of cultivars, landraces and wild barley accessions to investigate the origins and distribution of allelic diversity at four major flowering time loci, mutations at which have been under selection during the spread of barley cultivation into Europe. Our findings suggest that while mutant alleles at the PPD-H1 and PPD-H2 photoperiod loci occurred pre-domestication, the mutant vernalization non-responsive alleles utilized in landraces and cultivars at the VRN-H1 and VRN-H2 loci occurred post-domestication. The transition from wild to cultivated barley is associated with a doubling in the number of observed multi-locus flowering-time haplotypes, suggesting that the resulting phenotypic variation has aided adaptation to cultivation in the diverse ecogeographic locations encountered. Despite the importance of early-flowering alleles during the domestication of barley in Europe, we show that novel VRN alleles associated with early flowering in wild barley have been lost in domesticates, highlighting the potential of wild germplasm as a source of novel allelic variation for agronomic traits.

Keywords

barleyflowering timegermplasmphotoperiodvernalization
Type
Research Article
Information
Plant Genetic Resources , Volume 9 , Issue 2 , July 2011 , pp. 264 - 267
Copyright
Copyright © NIAB 2011

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Cockram, J, Jones, H, Leigh, FJ, O'Sullivan, D, Powell, W, Laurie, DA and Greenland, AJ (2007 a) Control of flowering time in temperate cereals: genes, domestication and sustainable productivity. Journal of Experimental Botany 58: 1231–1244.Google Scholar
Cockram, J, Chiapparino, E, Taylor, SA, Stamati, K, Donini, P, Laurie, DA and O'Sullivan, DM (2007 b) Haplotype analysis of vernalization loci in European barley germplasm reveals novel VRN-H1 alleles and a predominant winter VRN-H1/VRN-H2 multi-locus haplotype. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 115: 993–1001.Google Scholar
Cockram, J, Mackay, IJ and O'Sullivan, DM (2007 c) The role of double-stranded break repair in the creation of phenotypic diversity at cereal VRN1 loci. Genetics 177: 1–5.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cockram, J, White, J, Leigh, FJ, Lea, V, Mackay, IJ, Laurie, DA, Powell, W and O'Sullivan, DM (2008) Association mapping of partitioning loci in barley. BMC Genetics 9: 16.Google Scholar
Cockram, J, Norris, C and O'Sullivan, DM (2009) PCR-based markers diagnostic for spring and winter seasonal growth habit in barley. Crop Science 49: 403–410.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dubcovsky, J, Lijavetzky, D, Appendino, L and Tranquilli, G (1998) Comparative RFLP mapping of Triticum monococcum genes controlling vernalization requirement. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 97: 968–975.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Faure, S, Higgins, J, Turner, A and Laurie, DA (2007) The FLOWERING LOCUS-T-like family in barley (Hordeum vulgare). Genetics 176: 599–609.Google Scholar
Jones, H, Leigh, FJ, Mackay, I, Bower, MA, Smith, LMJ, Charles, MP, Jones, G, Jones, MK, Brown, TA and Powell, W (2008) Population-based resequencing reveals that the flowering time adaptation of cultivated barley originated east of the Fertile Crescent. Molecular Biology and Evolution 25: 2211–2219.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Karsai, I, Szűcs, P, Mészáros, K, Filichkina, T, Hayes, PM, Skinner, JS, Láng, L and Bedö, Z (2005) The Vrn-H2 locus is a major determinant of flowering time in a facultative × winter growth habit barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) mapping population. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 110: 1458–1466.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Laurie, DA, Pratchett, N, Bezant, JH and Snape, JW (1995) RFLP mapping of five major genes and eight quantitative trait loci controlling flowering time in a winter × spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cross. Genome 38: 575–585.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Puchta, H (2005) The repair of double-strand breaks in plants: mechanisms and consequences for genome evolution. Journal of Experimental Botany 56: 1–14.Google Scholar
Szűcs, P, Skinner, J, karsai, I, Cuesta-Marcos, A, Haggard, KG, Corey, AE, Chenn, THH and Hayes, PM (2007) Validation of the VRN-H2/VRN-H1 epistatic model in barley reveals that intron length variation at VRN-H1 may account for a continuum of vernalization sensitivity. Molecular Genetics and Genomics 277: 249–261.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Turner, A, Beales, J, Faure, S, Dunford, RP and Laurie, DA (2005) The pseudo-response regulator Ppd-H1 provides adaptation to photoperiod in barley. Science 310: 1031–1034.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Zohary, D and Hopf, M (2000) Domestication of Plants in the Old World. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Supplementary material: File

Cockram Supplementary Material

Cockram Supplementary Material

Download Cockram Supplementary Material(File)
File 28.2 KB