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Ecological characterization of wild Helianthus annuus and Helianthus petiolaris germplasm in Argentina

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 April 2009

Monica Poverene ,
Miguel Cantamutto  and
Gerald J. Seiler
Monica Poverene*
Affiliation:
Department of Agronomy, Universidad Nacional del Sur, 8000Bahia Blanca, Argentina Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiárida (CERZOS-CONICET), Bahia Blanca, Argentina
Miguel Cantamutto
Affiliation:
Department of Agronomy, Universidad Nacional del Sur, 8000Bahia Blanca, Argentina Centro UdL-IRTA, Lleida, Cataluña, Spain
Gerald J. Seiler
Affiliation:
USDA-ARS Northern Crop Science Laboratory, PO Box 5677, Fargo, ND58105, USA
*
*Corresponding author. E-mail [email protected]
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Abstract

Helianthus annuus and H. petiolaris (Asteraceae) are wild sunflowers native to North America but have become naturalized in central Argentina covering an area of about 5 million hectares. Wild H. annuus has been recognized as invader species in several countries, but no research has been done to study the ecological determinants of their distribution. In a survey covering seven provinces between 31°58′–38°S and 60°33′–69°W, we described the ecology of the main wild populations. Wild Helianthus populations were located in three of the 18 ecological regions of Argentina, on five Mollisol and seven Entisol soil groups. The associated plant communities were comprised 60 species belonging to 16 families, all being frequent components of the native flora. Disease symptoms were seldom observed in wild populations, with Alternariahelianthi being the most commonly observed pathogen. Population size varied from less than 100 to more than 100,000 plants, covering from 100 to more than 60,000 m2 with densities most frequently up to 3 plants/m2, but reaching 80 plants/m2 at certain sites. Intermediate plant phenotypes between wild species and cultivated sunflower were found in one-third of the populations providing evidence of intense gene flow. Hybrid swarms were found at three localities with population sizes between 100 and 10,000 individuals.

Keywords

communitydensitydiseaseshabitatpopulationssunflower
Type
Research Article
Information
Plant Genetic Resources , Volume 7 , Issue 1 , April 2009 , pp. 42 - 49
Copyright
Copyright © NIAB 2008

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