Published online by Cambridge University Press: 01 January 2022
Proponents of individual-based modeling in ecology claim that their models explain the emergence of population-level behavior. This article argues that individual-based models have not, as yet, provided such explanations. Instead, individual-based models can and do demonstrate and explain the emergence of population-level behaviors from individual behaviors and interactions.
Many thanks to Matt Bateman, Brett Calcott, Josh Epstein, Peter Godfrey-Smith, Steve Kimbrough, Arnon Levy, Ian Lustick, Emily Parke, Joan Roughgarden, Dmitri Tymoczko, and Bill Wimsatt for helpful discussions. This research was supported, in part, by National Science Foundation grant SES-0957189.