Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-vdxz6 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-01T01:42:15.010Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Neurath's Protocol Statements: A Naturalistic Theory of Data and Pragmatic Theory of Theory Acceptance

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 April 2022

Thomas E. Uebel*
Affiliation:
Department of Philosophy, Logic and Scientific Method, The London School of Economics and Political Science
*
Send reprint requests to the author, Department of Philosophy, Logic and Scientific Method, The London School of Economics and Political Science, Houghton Street, London WC2A 2AE, England.

Abstract

Neurath's proposal for the form of protocol statements explicates the multiple embedding of a singular sentence as specifying different conditions for the acceptance of such a sentence as a bona fide scientific datum. Before theories are accepted or rejected in the light of such evidence, however, a further condition must be met which Neurath did not formalize. The different conditions are discussed and shown to constitute a naturalistic theory of scientific data and a pragmatic theory of theory acceptance.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Philosophy of Science Association 1993

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

Work on this paper was supported by an Andrew Mellon Postdoctoral Fellowship at the University of Pittsburgh. Some of this material was presented to audiences at Stanford, Northwestern, Pittsburgh, Vienna and at the APA Eastern Division meeting 1991. I would like to thank Paul Moser who commented at the APA and the members of these audiences for their helpfully critical remarks and suggestions, particularly Nancy Cartwright and Peter Machamer, and an anonymous referee.

References

Ayer, A. J. ([1936–1937] 1959), “Verification and Experience”, in A. J. Ayer (ed.) 1959, pp. 228243. Reprint. (Originally published in Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society 37.)Google Scholar
Ayer, A. J. (ed.) (1959), Logical Positivism. New York: Free Press.Google Scholar
Brunswik, E. (1952), The Conceptual Framework of Psychology. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Carnap, R. ([1932] 1934), The Unity of Science. Reprint. Translated by M. Black. (Originally published as “Die physikalische Sprache als Universalsprache der Wissenschaft”, Erkenntnis 2: 432465.) London: Kegan, Paul, Trench, Trubner & Co.10.1007/BF02028172CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carnap, R. (1937), “Testability and Meaning II”, Philosophy of Science 4: 240.10.1086/286443CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carnap, R. ([1932] 1987), “On Protocol Sentences”, Nous 21: 457470. Translated by R. Creath and R. Nollan. (Originally published as “Über Protokollsätze”, Erkenntnis 3: 215–228.)10.2307/2215667CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Creath, R. (1987), “Some Remarks on ‘Protocol Sentences’”, Nous 21: 471475.10.2307/2215668CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Friedman, M. (1991), “The Re-Evaluation of Logical Positivism”, Journal of Philosophy 88: 505519.10.5840/jphil1991881020CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Galison, P. (1988), “History, Philosophy and the Central Metaphor”, Science in Context 2: 197212.10.1017/S0269889700000557CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kosso, P. (1989), Observability and Observation in Physical Science. Dordrecht: Kluwer.10.1007/978-94-009-2434-5CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Machamer, P. K. (1971), “Observation”, in Buck, R. C. and Cohen, R. S. (eds.), PSA 1970. Dordrecht: Reidel, pp. 187201.10.1007/978-94-010-3142-4_13CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McGuinness, B. F. (ed.) (1987), Unified Science. Dordrecht: Kluwer.Google Scholar
Neurath, O. 30 April 1934. Letter to Rudolf Carnap, in Archive of Scientific Philosophy, Hillman Library, (University of Pittsburgh, Carnap Collection no. RC 029-10-71).Google Scholar
Neurath, O. ([1931] 1973), “Empirical Sociology”, in Empiricism and Sociology. Edited and translated by M. Neurath and R. S. Cohen. Reprint. Originally published as Empirische Soziologie (Vienna: Springer). Dordrecht: Reidel, pp. 319413.10.1007/978-3-7091-2334-8CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Neurath, O. ([1931] 1981), “Weltanschauung und Marxismus”, in Neurath 1981, pp. 407412. Reprint. (Originally published in Der Kampf 24: 447–451.)Google Scholar
Neurath, O. ([1932] 1981), “Sozialbehaviorismus”, in Neurath 1981, pp. 563570. Reprint. (Originally published in Sociologicus 8: 281–288.)Google Scholar
Neurath, O. ([1936] 1981), “Mensch, und Gesellschaft in der Wissenschaft”, in Neurath 1981, pp. 711719. Reprint. Originally published in Actes de Congrès International de Philosophie Scientifique, Paris 1935, Facs. II (Paris: Hermann & Cie).Google Scholar
Neurath, O. (1981), Gesammelte philosophische und methodologische Schriften. Edited by Haller, R. and Rutte, H. Vienna: Hölder-Pichler-Tempsky.Google Scholar
Neurath, O. ([1931] 1983), “Physicalism”, in Neurath 1983, pp. 5257. Reprint. (Originally published as “Physikalismus”, Scientia 50: 297–303.)Google Scholar
Neurath, O. ([1932] 1983a), “Protocol Statements”, in Neurath 1983, pp. 9198. Reprint. (Originally published as “Protokollsätze”, Erkenntnis 3: 204–214.)Google Scholar
Neurath, O. ([1932] 1983b), “Sociology in the Framework of Physicalism”, in Neurath 1983, pp. 5890. Reprint. (Originally published as “Soziologie im Physikalismus”, Erkenntnis 2: 393–431.)Google Scholar
Neurath, O. ([1934] 1983), “Radical Physicalism and the ‘Real World’”, in Neurath 1983, pp. 100114. Reprint. (Originally published as “Radikaler Physikalismus und ‘Wirkliche Welt’ ”, Erkenntnis 4: 346–362.)Google Scholar
Neurath, O. ([1935] 1983a), “Pseudorationalism of Falsification”, in Neurath 1983, pp. 121131. Reprint. (Originally published as “Pseudorationalismus der Falsifikation”, Erkenntnis 5: 353–365.)10.1007/BF00172326CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Neurath, O. ([1935] 1983b), “The Unity of Science as a Task”, in Neurath 1983, pp. 115120. Reprint. (Originally published as “Einheit der Wissenschaft als Aufgabe”, Erkenntnis 5: 16–22.)Google Scholar
Neurath, O. ([1936] 1983a), “Encyclopedia as ‘Model’”, in Neurath 1983, pp. 145158. Reprint. (Originally published as “L'encyclopedie comme ‘modéle‘”, Revue de Synthese 12: 187–201.)Google Scholar
Neurath, O. ([1936] 1983b), “Individual Sciences, Unified Science Pseudorationalism”, in Neurath 1983, pp. 132138. Reprint. (Originally published as “Einzelwissenschaften, Einheitswissenschaft, Pseudorationalismus”, Actes du Congrès International de Philosophie Scientifique, Paris 1935, Facs. I (Paris: Hermann & Cie).Google Scholar
Neurath, O. ([1936] 1983c), “Physicalism and the Investigation of Knowledge”, in Neurath 1983, pp. 159171. Reprint. (Originally published as “Physikalismus und Erkenntnisforschung”, Theoria 2: 97–105, 234–236.)Google Scholar
Neurath, O. ([1941] 1983), “Universal Jargon and Terminology”, in Neurath 1983, pp. 213229. Reprint. (Originally published in Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society 41: 127–148.)10.1093/aristotelian/41.1.127CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Neurath, O. ([1946] 1983), “The Orchestration of the Sciences by the Encyclopedism of Logical Empiricism”, in Neurath 1983, pp. 230242. Reprint. (Originally published in Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 6: 496–508.)10.2307/2103098CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Neurath, O. (1983), Philosophical Papers 1913–1946. Edited and translated by Cohen, R. S. and Neurath, M. Dordrecht: Reidel.10.1007/978-94-009-6995-7CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Neurath, O. ([1933] 1987), “Unified Science and Psychology”, in McGuinness (ed.) 1987, pp. 123. Reprint. Translated by H. Kaal. Originally published as Einheitswissenschaft und Psychologie (Vienna: Gerold.)Google Scholar
Neurath, O. ([1931] 1991), “Bildstatistik nach Wiener Methode”, in R. Haller and R. Kinross (eds.), Otto Neurath: Gesammelte bildpädagogische Schriften. Reprint. (Originally published in Die Volksschule 27: 569579.) Vienna: Hölder-Pichler-Tempsky, pp. 180–191.Google Scholar
Popper, K. R. ([1935] 1959), The Logic of Scientific Discovery. Translated by K. R. Popper with assistance. Originally published as Die Logik der Forschung (Vienna: Springer). New York: Harper Torchbook.10.1007/978-3-7091-4177-9CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schlick, M. ([1934] 1959), “The Foundation of Knowledge”, in Ayer (ed.) 1959, pp. 209227. Reprint. Translated by D. Rynin. (Originally published as “Über das Fundament der Erkenntnis”, Erkenntnis 4: 79–99.)Google Scholar
Schlick, M. ([1935] 1979), “Introduction and ‘On Affirmations’”, in H. Mulder and B. van de Velde-Schlick (eds.), Philosophical Papers, vol. 2. Reprint. Translated by P. Heath. Originally published in Sur le Fondement de la Connaissance (Paris: Hermann & Cie.) Dordrecht: Reidel, pp. 405413.Google Scholar
Shapere, D. (1982), “The Concept of Observation in Science and Philosophy”, Philosophy of Science 49: 485525.10.1086/289075CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Uebel, T. E. (1991), “Neurath's Programme for Naturalistic Epistemology”, Studies in History and Philosophy of Science 22: 623646.10.1016/0039-3681(91)90036-RCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Uebel, T. E. (1992), Overcoming Logical Positivism From Within: The Emergence of Neurath's Naturalism in the Vienna Circle's Protocol Sentence Debate. Studien zur österreichischen Philosophie. Amsterdam: Rodopi.10.1163/9789004458192CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Westrum, R. ([1978] 1982), “Science and Social Intelligence about Anomalies: The Case of Meteorites”, in H. M. Collins (ed.), Sociology of Scientific Knowledge: A Source Book. Reprint. (Originally published in Social Studies of Science 78: 461493.) Bath: Bath University Press, pp. 185–217.10.1177/030631277800800403CrossRefGoogle Scholar