Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-l7hp2 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-30T20:50:07.689Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

“Becoming” and the Asymmetries of Time

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  14 March 2022

Yehudah Freundlich*
Affiliation:
Tel-Aviv University

Abstract

We consider the mind-dependence or independence of the “now,” of “becoming,” and of “time's arrow,” by considering the various senses in which these notions might be mind-dependent or not. These matters cannot be sensibly discussed without taking a stand regarding criteria of “reality.” Proceeding from a basically phenomenalist position we conclude that merely to differentiate between appearance and reality is implicitly to assume a directed flow of time. We discuss the relationship between phenomenological and physical time and their possible asymmetries. We find that physical time acquires meaning only through phenomenological time, and that phenomenological time is fundamentally asymmetric. This still leaves room for the question: Is there anything in physical time which reflects the fact that it, to be meaningful, must be applied asymmetrically? The relevance of relativity theory to this question is discussed.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © 1973 by The Philosophy of Science Association

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

[1] Augustine, St. Confessions. In The Philosophy of Time. Edited by Gale, R. M. New York: Anchor Books, 1967.Google Scholar
[2] Austin, J.The Meaning of a Word.” in Theory of Meaning. Edited by Lehrer, A. and Lehrer, K. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, 1970.Google Scholar
[3] Ayer, A. J. The Foundations of Empirical Knowledge. (2nd ed.). London: Macmillan and Co., 1963.Google Scholar
[4] Capek, M.The Myth of Frozen Passage.” in Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science. Edited by Cohen, R. S. and Wartofsky, M. New York: Humanities Press, 1965.Google Scholar
[5] Chisholm, R. Theory of Knowledge. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, 1966.Google Scholar
[6] Franklin, R. Free Will and Determinism. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1968.Google Scholar
[7] Freundlich, Y.Phenomenalism and Representative Realism Combined: A Theory of Perception.” Tel-Aviv University Reprint. (unpublished)Google Scholar
[8] Freundlich, Y. “Objects and Their Attributes: A Physicist's Point of View.” (to appear in Foundations of Physics.)Google Scholar
[9] Grünbaum, A. Modern Science and Zeno's Paradoxes. London: Allen and Unwin, 1968.Google Scholar
[10] Grünbaum, A. Philosophical Problems of Space and Time. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1963.Google Scholar
[11] Grünbaum, A.The Anisotropy of Time.” in The Nature of Time. Edited by Gold, T. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press, 1967.Google Scholar
[12] Hamlyn, D. W. Sensation and Perception. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1961.Google Scholar
[13] MacKay, D. M.Recognition and Action.” in Methodologies of Pattern Recognition. Edited by Watanabe, S. New York: Academic Press, 1969.Google Scholar
[14] MacKay, D. M. Information, Mechanism, and Meaning. Cambridge, Massachusetts: M.I.T. Press, 1969.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[15] McTaggart, J. M. E.The Nature of Existence.” in The Philosophy of Time. Edited by Gale, R. M. New York: Anchor Books, 1967.Google Scholar
[16] Mehlberg, H.Physical Laws and Time's Arrow.” in Current Issues in the Philosophy of Science. Edited by Feigl, H. and Maxwell, G. New York: Holt, Reinhart and Winston, 1961.Google Scholar
[17] Reichenbach, H. The Philosophy of Space and Time. New York: Dover Publications, 1958.Google Scholar
[18] Schlick, M.Causality in Contemporary Physics.” in Physical Reality. Edited by Toulmin, S. New York: Harper and Row, 1970.Google Scholar
[19] Shannon, C. E. “A Mathematical Theory of Communication.” Bell System Technical Journal 27 379 (1948).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[20] Watanabe, S.Creative Time.” Studium Generale 23 (1970). Reprinted in The Study of Time. Edited by Haber, F. C. and Muller, G. H. Berlin: Springer Verlag, 1972.Google Scholar
[21] Weinberg, G. M.A Computer Approach to Systems Theory.” in Trends in General Systems Theory. Edited by Klir, G. J. New York: John Wiley and Sons, 1972.Google Scholar
[22] Williams, D.The Myth of Passage.” Journal of Philosophy 48 (1951).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[23] Whitrow, G. J. “Reflections on the Natural Philosophy of Time.” In Interdisciplinary Perspectives of Time. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. Edited by R. Fischer. vol. 138, Art. 2. February, 1967.Google Scholar
[24] Winch, P. The Idea of a Social Science. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1958.Google Scholar