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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 01 April 2022
If observation is ‘theory-laden’, how can there be ‘observationally equivalent theories’? How can the observations ‘laden’ by one theory be ‘the same as’ those ‘laden’ by another? The answer might lie in the expressibility of observationally equivalent theories in a common mathematical formalism.
Thanks to audiences at the University of Notre Dame, Indiana University, and PSA 1998 for helpful questions and comments on earlier versions or portions of this paper. Thanks especially to Don Howard, Michael Friedman, and Noretta Koertge for their comments and questions.