Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-gb8f7 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-30T21:18:04.654Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Regulating Uber: The Politics of the Platform Economy in Europe and the United States

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  23 November 2018

Abstract

I use the case of the transportation network company Uber as a lens to explore the comparative politics of the platform economy in Europe and the United States. Within the advanced capitalist world, different countries have responded in very different ways to this new service, from welcome embrace and accommodating regulatory adjustments to complete rejection and legal bans. I analyze Uber’s arrival and reception in the United States, Germany, and Sweden, documenting three very different responses to this disruptive new actor. I show that conflicts over Uber centered on different issues in the three countries. These differences were consequential because the specific regulatory “flashpoints”that Uber provoked mobilized different actors, inspired the formation of different coalitions, and shaped the terms on which conflicts over Uber were framed and fought.

Type
Special Section Article
Copyright
Copyright © American Political Science Association 2018 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

*

Data replication sets are available in Harvard Dataverse at: https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/QOOFYS

Above all, she thanks Olivia Bergman for expert research assistance on this project, and Christian Lyhne Ibsen for ongoing input and assistance. Thanks also to Marius Busemeyer, Jens Beckert, and Martin Höpner and colleagues at the Max Planck Institute for the Study of Societies for valuable comments on the paper.

References

Alderman, Liz. 2017. “Uber Is a Taxi Service, the E.C.J. Says, in Major Setback to Firm,” New York Times, December 20, 2017.Google Scholar
Aloisi, Antonio. 2016. “Commoditized Workers: Case Study Research on Labour Law Issues Arising from a Set of ‘On-Demand/Gig Economy’ Platforms.” Comparative Labor Law & Policy Journal 37(3): 653–90.Google Scholar
Armstrong, Benjamin. 2016. “Regulating Uber in U.S. Cities.” Presented at the Radcliffe Workshop on Work and Welfare in the ‘Gig’ Economy, Harvard University, December.Google Scholar
Baccaro, Lucio and Howell, Chris. 2011. “A Common Neoliberal Trajectory.” Politics & Society 39(4): 521–63.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bennhold, Katrin. 2017. “London’s Uber Ban Raises Questions on Race and Immigration,” New York Times, October 2, 2017.Google Scholar
Berg, Janine. 2016. “Income Security in the On-Demand Economy: Findings and Policy Lessons from a Survey of Crowdworkers,” Comparative Labor Law Policy Journal 37(3): 543–76.Google Scholar
Callaway, Andrew. 2016. “Apploitation in a City of Instaserfs.” Canadian Centre for Policy Alternatives, January 1.Google Scholar
Chassany, Anne-Sylvaine. 2016. “Uber: A Route Out of the French Banlieues,” Financial Times, March 3.Google Scholar
Collier, Ruth Berins, Dubal, V. B., and Carter, Christopher. 2018. “Regulating Uber: The Politics of the Platform Economy in Europe and the United States.” Perspectives on Politics 16(4): [provide final page numbers.]Google Scholar
Dagnino, Emanuele. 2016. “Work in the Sharing Economy. The Position of the EU Commission.” AdaptInternational. June 26.Google Scholar
DeStefano, Valerio. 2016. “The Rise of the ‘Just-in-time Workforce.” Comparative Labor Law & Policy Journal 37(3): 471504.Google Scholar
Ewing, Adam. 2015. Uber Draws Teslas, Therapy out of Taxi Rivals in Sweden,” Bloomberg Technology, January 26, 2015.Google Scholar
Finnveden, Bengt. 1990. “Taxi Deregulation in Sweden.” Ministry of Transport and Communications of Sweden, Stockholm, July 1. Available at http://www.thredbo-conference-series.org/papers/thredbo3/8.%20Finnveden%20pp.115-122.pdf; accessed April 14, 2016.Google Scholar
Friedman, Gerald. 2014. “Workers without Employers: Shadow Corporations and the Rise of the Gig Economy.” Review of Keynesian Economics 2(2): 171–88.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
George, Alexander and Bennett, Andrew. 2005. Case Studies and Theory Development in the Social Sciences. Cambridge: MIT Press.Google Scholar
Gourevitch, Peter. 1986. Politics in Hard Times: Comparative Responses to International Economic Crises. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
Hacker, Jacob, Pierson, Paul, and Thelen, Kathleen. 2015. “Drift and Conversion.” In Advances in Comparative Historical Analysis, ed. Mahoney, James, and Thelen, Kathleen. New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Hall, Peter. 2006. “Systematic Process Analysis: When and How to Use It.” European Management Review 3(1): 2431.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hall, Peter and Soskice, David. 2001. Varieties of Capitalism. Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hertel-Fernandez, Alexander. 2017. “American Employers as Political Machines.” Journal of Politics 79(1): 105117.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hirst, Nicholas and Plucinska, Joanna. 2017. “The Uber Opinion: What Does It Mean?” Politico May 11.Google Scholar
Langley, Paul and Leyshon, Andrew. 2017. “Platform Capitalism: The intermediation and capitalisation of digital economic circulation.” Finance and Society 3(1): 1131.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Locke, Richard and Thelen, Kathleen. 1995. “Apples and Oranges Revisited: Contextualized Comparisons and the Study of Comparative Labor Politics.” Politics & Society 23(3): 337–67.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Monopolkommission. 2016. Pressemitteilung [press release]: Monopolkommission untersucht Wettbewerb im Bereich der Sharing Economy und bei digitalen Finanzdienstleistungen. Bonn/Berlin. September 20.Google Scholar
Olsson, Amy Rader. 2016. “Taxi och samåkning: i dag, i morgon och i övermorgon.” Report to the Ministry of Infrastructure. (November). Stockholm. SOU 2016:86.Google Scholar
Prassl, Jeremias and Risak, Martin. 2016. “Uber, Taskrabbit, & Co: Platforms as Employers? Rethinking the Legal Analysis of Crowdwork.” Comparative Labor Law & Policy Journal 37(3): 619–52.Google Scholar
Rahman, K. Sabeel and Thelen, Kathleen. 2018. “Broken Contract: The Rise of the Networked Firm and the Transformation of Twenty-First Century Capitalism,” Unpublished manuscript, MIT.Google Scholar
Rogowski, Ronald and Kayser, Mark Andreas. 2002. “Majoritarian Electoral Systems and Consumer Power: Price-Level Evidence from the OECD Countries. American Journal of Political Science 46(3): 526–39.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sisson, Patrick. 2017. “Uber and Lyft Return to Austin,” Curbed, June 14.Google Scholar
Spector, Julian. 2016. “Why Transit Agencies Are Finally Embracing Uber.” CityLab, April 11.Google Scholar
Streeck, Wolfgang. 2008. Reforming Capitalism. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Swenson, Peter. 2002. Capitalists against Markets. Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Trumball, Gunnar. 2012. Strength in Numbers: The Political Power of Weak Interests. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tzur, Amit. 2017. “Uber Über Regulation? Regulatory Change Following the Emergence of New Technologies in the Taxi Market.” Regulation & Governance, published online September 21. Available at https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/rego.12170.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
VDV (Verband Deutscher Verkehrsunternehmen). 2016. “VDV-Stellungnahme zum Dialogpapier ‘Digitale Innovationen’.” Cologne, May 23.Google Scholar
Supplementary material: Link

Thelen Dataset

Link