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Vertical transmission of Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae (Myxozoa), the causative agent of salmonid proliferative kidney disease

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  07 November 2013

AHMED ABD-ELFATTAH ,
INÊS FONTES ,
GOKHLESH KUMAR ,
HATEM SOLIMAN ,
HANNA HARTIKAINEN ,
BETH OKAMURA  and
MANSOUR EL-MATBOULI
AHMED ABD-ELFATTAH
Affiliation:
Clinical Division of Fish Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
INÊS FONTES
Affiliation:
Life Sciences Department, Natural History Museum, London, UK
GOKHLESH KUMAR
Affiliation:
Clinical Division of Fish Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
HATEM SOLIMAN
Affiliation:
Clinical Division of Fish Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria Fish Medicine and Managements, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Assuit, 71515 Assuit, Egypt
HANNA HARTIKAINEN
Affiliation:
Life Sciences Department, Natural History Museum, London, UK
BETH OKAMURA
Affiliation:
Life Sciences Department, Natural History Museum, London, UK
MANSOUR EL-MATBOULI*
Affiliation:
Clinical Division of Fish Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
*
* Corresponding author: Clinical Division of Fish Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria. E-mail: [email protected]
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Summary

The freshwater bryozoan, Fredericella sultana, is the main primary host of the myxozoan endoparasite, Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae which causes proliferative kidney disease (PKD) of salmonid fish. Because spores that develop in bryozoan colonies are infectious to fish, bryozoans represent the ultimate source of PKD. Bryozoans produce numerous seed-like dormant stages called statoblasts that enable persistence during unfavourable conditions and achieve long-distance dispersal. The possibility that T. bryosalmonae may undergo vertical transmission via infection of statoblasts has been the subject of much speculation since this is observed in close relatives. This study provides the first evidence that such vertical transmission of T. bryosalmonae is extensive by examining the proportions of infected statoblasts in populations of F. sultana on two different rivers systems and confirms its effectiveness by demonstrating transmission from material derived from infected statoblasts to fish hosts. Vertical transmission in statoblasts is likely to play an important role in the infection dynamics of both bryozoan and fish hosts and may substantially contribute to the widespread distribution of PKD.

Keywords

BryozoaFredericella sultanastatoblastsmaternal coloniesTetracapsuloides bryosalmonaepersistent infectiondispersal
Type
Research Article
Information
Parasitology , Volume 141 , Issue 4 , April 2014 , pp. 482 - 490
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Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2013 

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