Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-t5tsf Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-02T23:52:52.222Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Variation in host preference within Gyrodactylus salaris (Monogenea): an experimental approach

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  14 December 2006

K. OLSTAD
Affiliation:
Natural History Museum, Department of Zoology, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1172, NO-0318 Oslo, Norway
G. ROBERTSEN
Affiliation:
Natural History Museum, Department of Zoology, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1172, NO-0318 Oslo, Norway
L. BACHMANN
Affiliation:
Natural History Museum, Department of Zoology, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1172, NO-0318 Oslo, Norway
T. A. BAKKE
Affiliation:
Natural History Museum, Department of Zoology, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1172, NO-0318 Oslo, Norway

Abstract

The monogenean ectoparasite, Gyrodactylus salaris Malmberg, 1957, has had a devastating effect on wild Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) since its introduction to Norway in the mid-1970s. In Lake Pålsbufjorden, southern Norway, upstream of the stretches of the River Numedalslågen with anadromous Atlantic salmon, a resident Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus) population has been reported to be infected with G. salaris which is viable in the absence of its normal host, the Atlantic salmon. Currently, there is no record of G. salaris infecting Atlantic salmon in the downstream sections of the River Numedalslågen. We studied experimentally the infectivity and reproductive capacity of G. salaris from Lake Pålsbufjorden on wild and hatchery-reared Atlantic salmon as well as on Arctic charr and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Arctic charr and rainbow trout were moderately susceptible, whereas the Atlantic salmon stocks from River Numedalslågen and River Drammenselva were innately resistant to only slightly susceptible. Thus, the G. salaris from Arctic charr in Lake Pålsbufjorden is considered non-pathogenic to Atlantic salmon. This is the first observation of variation in host preference among Norwegian G. salaris populations. The observed differences in virulence between G. salaris populations could have important consequences for the international legislation and management of Atlantic salmon.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
© 2006 Cambridge University Press

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Aass, P. ( 1970). The winter migrations of charr, Salvelinus alpinus L., in the hydroelectric reservoirs Tunhovdfjord and Pålsbufjord, Norway. Report of the Institute of Freshwater Research Drottningholm 50, 544.Google Scholar
Bakke, T. A., Jansen, P. A. and Hansen, L. P. ( 1990). Differences in the host-resistance of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L, stocks to the monogenean Gyrodactylus salaris Malmberg, 1957. Journal of Fish Biology 37, 577587. DOI:10.1111/j.1095-8649.1990.tb05890.xCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bakke, T. A., Jansen, P. A. and Kennedy, C. R. ( 1991). The host specificity of Gyrodactylus salaris Malmberg (Platyhelminthes, Monogenea): The susceptibility of Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum) under experimental conditions. Journal of Fish Biology 39, 4557. DOI:10.1111/j.1095-8649.1991.tb04340.xCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bakke, T. A., Jansen, P. A. and Harris, P. D. ( 1996). Differences in susceptibility of anadromous and resident stocks of Artic charr to infections of Gyrodactylus salaris under experimental conditions. Journal of Fish Biology 49, 341351. DOI:10.1111/j.1095-8649.1996.tb00028.xCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bakke, T. A., Soleng, A. and Harris, P. D. ( 1999). The susceptibility of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.)×brown trout (Salmo trutta L.) hybrids to Gyrodactylus salaris Malmberg and Gyrodactylus derjavini Mikailov. Parasitology 119, 467481. DOI: 10.1017/S0031182099004990CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bakke, T. A., Harris, P. D. and Cable, J. ( 2002). Host specificity dynamics: observations on gyrodactylid monogeneans. International Journal for Parasitology 32, 281308. DOI:10.1016/S0020-7519(01)00331-9CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Buchmann, K. ( 1998). Binding and lethal effect of complement from Oncorhynchus mykiss on Gyrodactylus derjavini (Platyhelminthes: Monogenea). Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 32, 195200.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cunningham, C. O. ( 1997). Species variation within the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of Gyrodactylus (Monogenea; Gyrodactylidae) ribosomal RNA genes. Journal of Parasitology 83, 215219.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Halvorsen, O. and Hartvigsen, R. ( 1989). A review of the biogeography and epidemiology of Gyrodactylus salaris. NINA Utredning 2, 141.Google Scholar
Hansen, H., Bachmann, L. and Bakke, T. A. ( 2003). Mitochondrial DNA variation of Gyrodactylus spp. (Monogenea, Gyrodactylidae) populations infecting Atlantic salmon, grayling, and rainbow trout in Norway and Sweden. International Journal for Parasitology 33, 14711478. DOI:10.1016/S0020-7519(03)00200-5CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hansen, H., Martinsen, L., Bakke, T. A. and Bachmann, L. ( 2006). The incongruence of nuclear and mitochondrial DNA variation supports conspecificity of the monogenean parasites Gyrodactylus salaris and G. thymalli. Parasitology 133, 639650. DOI:10.1017/S0031182006000655CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harris, P. D., Soleng, A. and Bakke, T. A. ( 1998). Killing of Gyrodactylus salaris (Platyhelminthes, Monogenea) mediated by host complement. Parasitology 117, 137143. DOI:10.1017/S003118209800287XCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harris, P. D., Shinn, A. P., Cable, J. and Bakke, T. A. ( 2004). Nominal species of the genus Gyrodactylus von Nordmann 1832 (Monogenea: Gyrodactylidae), with a list of principal host species. Systematic Parasitology 59, 127. DOI: 10.1023/B:SYPA.0000038447.52015.e4CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Huyse, T. and Volckaert, F. A. M. ( 2002). Identification of a host-associated species complex using molecular and morphometric analyses, with the description of Gyrodactylus rugiensoides n. sp. (Gyrodactylidae, Monogenea). International Journal for Parasitology 32, 907919. DOI:10.1016/S0020-7519(02)00026-7CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Huyse, T. and Volckaert, F. A. M. ( 2005). Comparing host and parasite phylogenies: Gyrodactylus flatworms jumping from goby to goby. Systematic Biology 54, 710718. DOI:10.1080/10635150500221036CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jansen, P. A. and Bakke, T. A. ( 1995). Susceptibility of brown trout to Gyrodactylus salaris (Monogenea) under experimental conditions. Journal of Fish Biology 46, 415422. DOI:10.1111/j.1095-8649.1995.tb05981.xCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Johnsen, B. O. ( 1978). The effect of an attack by the parasite Gyrodactylus salaris on the population of salmon parr in the river Lakselva, Misvær in Northern Norway. Astarte 11, 79.Google Scholar
Johnsen, B. O., Møkkelgjerd, P. I. and Jensen, A. J. ( 1999). The parasite Gyrodactylus salaris on salmon parr in Norwegian rivers, status report at the beginning of year 2000. NINA Oppdragsmelding 617, 1129. (In Norwegian.)Google Scholar
Knudsen, R., Adolfsen, P., Sandring, S., Kristoffersen, R., Siikavoupio, S. and Rikardsen, A. ( 2006). The suitability of anadromous Arctic charr as host and vector of the monogenean Gyrodactylus salaris. Ecology of Freshwater Fish (in the Press). DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0633.2006.00184.xCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kristoffersen, R., Richardsen, A., Winger, A. C., Adolfsen, P. and Knudsen, R. ( 2005). Arctic charr as a long-term host of Gyrodactylus salaris in River Skibotnelva, northern Norway. NINA Rapport 36, 127. (In Norwegian, English summary.)Google Scholar
Lindenstrøm, T., Collins, C. M., Bresciani, J., Cunningham, C. O. and Buchmann, K. ( 2003). Characterization of a Gyrodactylus salaris variant: infection biology, morphology and molecular genetics. Parasitology 127, 165177. DOI: 10.1017/S003118200300341XCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Meinilä, M., Kuusela, J., Ziętara, M. S. and Lumme, J. ( 2004). Initial steps of speciation by geographic isolation and host switch in salmonid pathogen Gyrodactylus salaris (Monogenea: Gyrodactylidae). International Journal for Parasitology 34, 515526. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2003.12.002CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mo, T. A. ( 1988). Gyrodactylusundersøkelser av fisk i forbindelse med rotenonbehandlingen av Skibotnelva i august 1988. Gyrodactylusundersøkelsene ved Zoologisk Museum, Universitetet i Oslo 1-14. (In Norwegian.)Google Scholar
Mo, T. A. ( 1991). Variations of opisthaptoral parts of Gyrodactylus salaris Malmberg, 1957 (Monogenea: Gyrodactylidae) on rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum, 1792) in a fish farm, with comments on the spreading of the parasite in south-eastern Norway. Systematic Parasitology 20, 19. DOI: 10.1007/BF00009706CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mo, T. A., Norheim, K. and Hellesnes, I. ( 2004). The surveillance and control programme for Gyrodactylus salaris in Atlantic salmon and rainbow trout in Norway. Norsk Veterinærtidsskrift 3, 157163. (In Norwegian, English summary.)Google Scholar
OIE ( 2004). Aquatic Animal Health Code. Office International des Epizooties, Paris.
Peeler, E., Thrush, M., Paisley, L. and Rodgers, C. ( 2006). An assessment of the risk of spreading the fish parasite Gyrodactylus salaris to uninfected territories in the European Union with the movement of live Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) from coastal waters. Aquaculture 258, 187197. DOI:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2005.07.042CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Robertsen, G., Plaisance, L. and Bakke, T. A. ( 2006 a). Gyrodactylus salaris og røye, ørret, regnbueørret og bekkerøye: Utbredelse og potensiell overføring til laks. Rapport, Naturhistorisk museum, Seksjon for zoologi, 2006, Universitetet i Oslo. 1-25. (In Norwegian.)Google Scholar
Robertsen, G., Hansen, H., Bachmann, L. and Bakke, T. A. ( 2006 b). Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus) is a suitable host for Gyrodactylus salaris (Monogenea, Gyrodactylidae) in Norway. Parasitology (in the Press). DOI: 10.1017/S0031182006001223CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Soleng, A. and Bakke, T. A. ( 2001). The susceptibility of grayling, Thymallus thymallus to experimental infections with the monogenean Gyrodactylus salaris. International Journal for Parasitology 31, 793797. DOI:10.1016/S0020-7519(01)00188-6CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sterud, E., Mo, T. A., Collins, C. M. and Cunningham, C. O. ( 2002). The use of host specificity, pathogenicity, and molecular markers to differentiate between Gyrodactylus salaris Malmberg, 1957 and G. thymalli Žitnaň, 1960 (Monogenea: Gyrodactylidae). Parasitology 124, 203213. DOI: 10.1017/S0031182001001044CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ziętara, M. S. and Lumme, J. ( 2002). Speciation by host switch and adaptive radiation in a fish parasite genus Gyrodactylus (Monogenea, Gyrodactylidae). Evolution 56, 24452458.CrossRefGoogle Scholar