Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-gxg78 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-26T13:19:29.156Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Species and site contributions to β-diversity in fleas parasitic on the Palearctic small mammals: ecology, geography and host species composition matter the most

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 November 2018

Boris R. Krasnov Open the ORCID record for Boris R. Krasnov [Opens in a new window] ,
Georgy I. Shenbrot ,
Elizabeth M. Warburton ,
Luther van der Mescht ,
Elena N. Surkova ,
Sergei G. Medvedev ,
Nadezhda Pechnikova ,
Natalia Ermolova ,
Boris K. Kotti  and
Irina S. Khokhlova
Boris R. Krasnov*
Affiliation:
Mitrani Department of Desert Ecology, Swiss Institute of Dryland Environmental and Energy Research, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, 84990 Midreshet Ben-Gurion, Israel
Georgy I. Shenbrot
Affiliation:
Mitrani Department of Desert Ecology, Swiss Institute of Dryland Environmental and Energy Research, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, 84990 Midreshet Ben-Gurion, Israel
Elizabeth M. Warburton
Affiliation:
Mitrani Department of Desert Ecology, Swiss Institute of Dryland Environmental and Energy Research, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, 84990 Midreshet Ben-Gurion, Israel
Luther van der Mescht
Affiliation:
Mitrani Department of Desert Ecology, Swiss Institute of Dryland Environmental and Energy Research, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, 84990 Midreshet Ben-Gurion, Israel Wyler Department of Dryland Agriculture, French Associates Institute for Agriculture, French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, 84990 Midreshet Ben-Gurion, Israel
Elena N. Surkova
Affiliation:
Mitrani Department of Desert Ecology, Swiss Institute of Dryland Environmental and Energy Research, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, 84990 Midreshet Ben-Gurion, Israel Russian Academy of Sciences, A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Leninsky Prospect 33, 119071 Moscow, Russia
Sergei G. Medvedev
Affiliation:
Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Universitetskaya emb. 1, Saint Petersburg 199034, Russia
Nadezhda Pechnikova
Affiliation:
Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Universitetskaya emb. 1, Saint Petersburg 199034, Russia V.A. Almazov National North-West Medical Research Center, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 15b Parkhomenko pr., Saint-Petersburg194156, Russia
Natalia Ermolova
Affiliation:
Stavropol Antiplague Scientific Research Institute, Sovetskaya str. 13/15, Stavropol 355035, Russia
Boris K. Kotti
Affiliation:
North Caucasus Federal University, Pushkin St. 1, Stavropol 355000, Russia
Irina S. Khokhlova
Affiliation:
Wyler Department of Dryland Agriculture, French Associates Institute for Agriculture, French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, 84990 Midreshet Ben-Gurion, Israel
*
Author for correspondence: Boris R. Krasnov, E-mail: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The β-diversity of fleas parasitic on small mammals in 45 regions of the Palearctic was partitioned into species [species contributions to β-diversity (SCBD)] and site ( = assemblage) contributions [local contributions to β-diversity (LCBD)]. We asked what are the factors affecting SCBD and LCBD and tested whether (a) variation in ecological, morphological, life history and geographic traits of fleas can predict SCBD and (b) variation in flea and host community metrics, off-host environmental factors, host species composition of flea assemblages can predict LCBD. We used spatial variables to describe geographic distribution of flea assemblages with various LCBD values. SCBD significantly increased with an increase in abundance and a decrease in phylogenetic host specificity of a flea as well as with size and latitude of its geographic range, but was not associated with any morphological/life history trait. LCBD of flea assemblages did not depend on either flea or host species richness or environmental predictors, but was significantly affected by compositional uniqueness ( = LCBD) of regional host assemblages and variables describing their species composition. In addition, variation in LCBD was also explained by broad-to-moderate-scale spatial variables. We conclude that SCBD of fleas could be predicted via their ecological and geographic traits, whereas LCBD of their assemblages could be predicted via host composition.

Keywords

β-diversityenvironmentfleashostsPalearctictraits
Type
Research Article
Information
Parasitology , Volume 146 , Issue 5 , April 2019 , pp. 653 - 661
Check for updates
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2018 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Baselga, A (2010) Partitioning the turnover and nestedness components of beta-diversity. Global Ecology and Biogeography 19, 134–143.Google Scholar
Biguezoton, A, Adehan, S, Adakal, H, Zoungrana, S, Farougou, S and Chevillon, C (2016) Community structure, seasonal variations and interactions between native and invasive cattle tick species in Benin and Burkina Faso. Parasites & Vectors 9, 43.Google Scholar
Borcard, D and Legendre, P (2002) All-scale spatial analysis of ecological data by means of principal coordinates of neighbour matrices. Ecological Modelling 153, 51–68.Google Scholar
Borcard, D, Gillet, F and Legendre, P (2018) Numerical Ecology with R, 2 Edn. New York, USA: Springer. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-71404-2.Google Scholar
Cribari-Neto, F and Zeileis, A (2010) Beta regression in R. Journal of Statistical Software 34, 1–24.Google Scholar
da Silva, PG, Hernández, MIM and Heino, J (2018) Disentangling the correlates of species and site contributions to beta diversity in dung beetle assemblages. Diversity and Distributions 11, 1674–1686. doi: 10.1111/ddi.12785.Google Scholar
Dray, S, Legendre, P and Peres-Neto, PR (2006) Spatial modelling: a comprehensive framework for principal coordinate analysis of neighbour matrices (PCNM). Ecological Modelling 196, 483–493.Google Scholar
Dray, S, Bauman, D, Blanchet, G, Borcard, D, Clappe, S, Guenard, G, Jombart, T, Larocque, G, Legendre, P, Madi, N and Wagner, HH (2018) adespatial: Multivariate Multiscale Spatial Analysis. R package version 0.2-0. Available at https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=adespatial.Google Scholar
Fick, SE and Hijmans, RJ (2017) Worldclim 2: New 1-km spatial resolution climate surfaces for global land areas. International Journal of Climatology 37, 4302–4315.Google Scholar
Garnick, E (1992) Niche breadth in parasites: an evolutionarily stable strategy model, with special reference to the protozoan parasite Leishmania. Theoretical Population Biology 42, 62–103.Google Scholar
Heino, J and Grönroos, M (2017) Exploring species and site contributions to beta diversity in stream insect assemblages. Oecologia 183, 151–160.Google Scholar
Kong, H, Chevalier, M, Laffaille, P and Lek, S (2017) Spatio-temporal variation of fish taxonomic composition in a South-East Asian flood-pulse system. PLoS ONE 12, e0174582.Google Scholar
Krasnov, BR (2008) Functional and Evolutionary Ecology of Fleas. A Model for Ecological Parasitology. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Krasnov, BR and Poulin, R (2010) Ecological properties of a parasite: species-specific stability and geographical variation. In Morand, S and Krasnov, BR (eds), The Biogeography of Host-Parasite Interactions. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, pp. 99–114.Google Scholar
Krasnov, BR, Mouillot, D, Shenbrot, GI, Khokhlova, IS and Poulin, R (2004 a) Geographical variation in host specificity of fleas (Siphonaptera): the influence of phylogeny and local environmental conditions. Ecography 27, 787–797.Google Scholar
Krasnov, BR, Poulin, R, Shenbrot, GI, Mouillot, D and Khokhlova, IS (2004 b) Ectoparasitic ‘jacks-of-all-trades’: relationship between abundance and host specificity in fleas (Siphonaptera) parasitic on small mammals. American Naturalist 164, 506–516.Google Scholar
Krasnov, BR, Poulin, R, Shenbrot, GI, Mouillot, D and Khokhlova, IS (2005) Host specificity and geographic range in haematophagous ectoparasites. Oikos 108, 449–456.Google Scholar
Krasnov, BR, Shenbrot, GI, Khokhlova, IS and Poulin, R (2006) Is abundance a species attribute? An example with haematophagous ectoparasites. Oecologia 150, 132–140.Google Scholar
Krasnov, BR, Shenbrot, GI, Mouillot, D, Khokhlova, IS and Poulin, R (2008) Latitudinal gradients in niche breadth: empirical evidence from haematophagous ectoparasites. Journal of Biogeography 35, 592–601.Google Scholar
Krasnov, BR, Mouillot, D, Shenbrot, GI, Khokhlova, IS and Poulin, R (2010) Deconstructing spatial patterns in species composition of ectoparasite communities: the relative contribution of host composition, environmental variables and geography. Global Ecology and Biogeography 19, 515–526.Google Scholar
Krasnov, BR, Stanko, M, Khokhlova, IS, Shenbrot, GI, Morand, S, Korallo-Vinarskaya, NP and Vinarski, MV (2011) Nestedness and β-diversity in ectoparasite assemblages of small mammalian hosts: effects of parasite affinity, host biology and scale. Oikos 120, 630–639.Google Scholar
Krasnov, BR, Shenbrot, GI, Khokhlova, IS, Stanko, M, Morand, S and Mouillot, D (2015) Assembly rules of ectoparasite communities across scales: combining patterns of abiotic factors, host composition, geographic space, phylogeny and traits. Ecography 38, 184–197.Google Scholar
Krasnov, BR, Shenbrot, GI, Khokhlova, IS and Degen, AA (2016) Trait-based and phylogenetic associations between parasites and their hosts: a case study with small mammals and fleas in the Palearctic. Oikos 125, 29–38.Google Scholar
Laliberté, E and Legendre, P (2010) A distance-based framework for measuring functional diversity from multiple traits. Ecology 91, 299–305.Google Scholar
Landeiro, VL, Franz, B, Heino, J, Siqueira, T and Bini, LM (2018) Species-poor and low-lying sites are more ecologically unique in a hyperdiverse Amazon region: evidence from multiple taxonomic groups. Diversity and Distributions 24, 966–977.Google Scholar
Legendre, P and De Cáceres, M (2013) Beta diversity as the variance of community data: dissimilarity coefficients and partitioning. Ecology Letters 16, 951–963.Google Scholar
Maestri, R, Shenbrot, GI and Krasnov, BR (2017) Parasite beta diversity, host beta diversity and environment: application of two approaches to reveal patterns of flea species turnover in Mongolia. Journal of Biogeography 44, 1880–1890.Google Scholar
Mihaljevic, JR, Hoye, BJ and Johnson, PTJ (2018) Parasite metacommunities: evaluating the roles of host community composition and environmental gradients in structuring symbiont communities within amphibians. Journal of Animal Ecology 87, 354–368.Google Scholar
Morand, S and Poulin, R (1998) Density, body mass and parasite species richness of terrestrial mammals. Evolutionary Ecology 12, 717–727.Google Scholar
Mouillot, D, Krasnov, BR, Shenbrot, GI, Gaston, KJ and Poulin, R (2006) Conservatism of host specificity in parasites. Ecography 29, 596–602.Google Scholar
Oksanen, J, Blanchet, G, Friendly, M, Kindt, P, Legendre, P, McGlinn, D, Minchin, PR, O'Hara, RB, Simpson, GL, Solymos, P, Stevens, MHH, Szoecs, E and Wagner, H (2018) vegan: Community Ecology Package. R package version 2.5-2. Available at https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=vegan.Google Scholar
Paradis, E, Claude, J and Strimmer, K (2004) APE: analyses of phylogenetics and evolution in R language. Bioinformatics (Oxford, England) 20, 289–290.Google Scholar
Pavoine, S and Dolédec, S (2005) The apportionment of quadratic entropy: a useful alternative for partitioning diversity in ecological data. Environmental and Ecological Statistics 12, 125–138.Google Scholar
Pavoine, S, Marcon, E and Ricotta, C (2016) ‘Equivalent numbers’ for species, phylogenetic or functional diversity in a nested hierarchy of multiple scales. Methods in Ecology and Evolution 7, 1152–1163.Google Scholar
Poisot, T, Guéeveneux-Julien, C, Fortin, M-J, Gravel, D and Legendre, P (2017) Hosts, parasites and their interactions respond to different climatic variables. Global Ecology and Biogeography 26, 242–251.Google Scholar
Poulin, R, Krasnov, BR and Mouillot, D (2011) Host specificity in phylogenetic and geographic space. Trends in Parasitology 27, 355–361.Google Scholar
Qiao, X, Li, Q, Jiang, Q, Lu, J, Franklin, S, Tang, Z and Jiang, M (2015) Beta diversity determinants in Badagongshan, a subtropical forest in central China. Scientific Reports 5, 17043.Google Scholar
R Core Team (2018) R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. Vienna, Austria: R Foundation for Statistical Computing. Available at https://www.R-project.org/.Google Scholar
Roberts, DW (2016) labdsv: Ordination and Multivariate Analysis for Ecology. R package version 1.8-0. Available at https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=labdsv.Google Scholar
Rosenzweig, ML (1995) Species Diversity in Space and Time. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Tolonen, KE, Leinonen, K, Erkinaro, J and Heino, J (2018) Ecological uniqueness of macroinvertebrate communities in high-latitude streams is a consequence of deterministic environmental filtering processes. Aquatic Ecology 52, 17–33.Google Scholar
Tonkin, JD, Heino, J, Sundermann, A, Haase, P and Jähnig, SC (2016) Context dependency in biodiversity patterns of central German stream metacommunities. Freshwater Biology 61, 607–620.Google Scholar
Vilmi, A, Karjalainen, SM and Heino, J (2017) Ecological uniqueness of stream and lake diatom communities shows different macroecological patterns. Diversity and Distributions 23, 1042–1053.Google Scholar
Vinarski, MV, Korallo, NP, Krasnov, BR, Shenbrot, GI and Poulin, R (2007) Decay of similarity of gamasid mite assemblages parasitic on Palaearctic small mammals: geographic distance, host-species composition or environment. Journal of Biogeography 34, 1691–1700.Google Scholar
Supplementary material: File

Krasnov et al. supplementary material

Krasnov et al. supplementary material 1

Download Krasnov et al. supplementary material(File)
File 528.5 KB