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The radiation of Haliotrema (Monogenea: Dactylogyridae: Ancyrocephalinae): molecular evidence and explanation inferred from LSU rDNA sequences

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 January 2006

X. Y. WU ,
X. Q. ZHU ,
M. Q. XIE  and
A. X. LI
X. Y. WU
Affiliation:
School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 135 Xingang West Street, Haizhu District, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong Province, The People's Republic of China
X. Q. ZHU
Affiliation:
Laboratory of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Street, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong Province, The People's Republic of China
M. Q. XIE
Affiliation:
School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 135 Xingang West Street, Haizhu District, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong Province, The People's Republic of China
A. X. LI
Affiliation:
School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 135 Xingang West Street, Haizhu District, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong Province, The People's Republic of China
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Abstract

The D1-D2 domains of LSU rDNA were used to reconstruct the phylogenetic relationships within the Ancyrocephalinae (Monogenea: Dactylogyridae) utilizing maximum-parsimony (MP), maximum-likelihood (ML), minimum evolution (ME) and neighbour-joining (NJ) methods. A total of 32 monogenean taxa were examined in the present study, including 9 Haliotrema species and 13 other species representing the Ancyrocephalinae, 4 Thaparocleidus species representing the Ancylodiscoididae, and 6 species representing the Diplectanidae which were used as multiple outgroups. All 4 analyses (i.e. MP, ML, ME and NJ) inferred the same interrelationship pattern: (Diplectanidae, (Ancylodiscoididae, Dactylogyridae)) with high bootstrap support. However, 9 Haliotrema species were dispersed to form 4 clades together with species from other genera, indicating the apparent non-monophyly of Haliotrema. Three major groups were defined based on reconstructed phylogenetic trees to explain the radiation of Haliotrema species. The morphology of the reproductive organ, particularly the male copulatory organ (MCO), was discussed to further understand the formation of each group. (1) Results of the present study indicated an intimate relationship among Metahaliotrema (2 species), Protogyrodactylus (4 species) and Haliotrema (2 of 9 species), and notably, all these species share vagina-absence. (2) Based on the present molecular analyses and the morphological characters of the MCO, we propose to transfer H. spirotubiforum and the undetermined Haliotrema sp. ZHDDb to Euryhaliotrema as new combinations. (3) We propose to erect a new genus to accommodate the Haliotrema species with horn-like shaped MCO. Taxonomic implications of the present molecular phylogenetic analyses are discussed. A wider range of taxa and more DNA markers displaying various evolutionary rates should be used to estimate phylogenetic relationships among species within the Ancyrocephalinae and Ancylodiscoididae in further studies.

Keywords

AncyrocephalinaeAncylodiscoididaeDactylogyridaeHaliotremaLSU rDNAphylogeny
Type
Research Article
Information
Parasitology , Volume 132 , Issue 5 , May 2006 , pp. 659 - 668
Copyright
2006 Cambridge University Press

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