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Plasmodium knowlesi and human malaria parasites in Khan Phu, Vietnam: Gametocyte production in humans and frequent co-infection of mosquitoes

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  29 November 2016

Y. MAENO ,
R. CULLETON ,
N. T. QUANG ,
S. KAWAI ,
R. P. MARCHAND  and
S. NAKAZAWA
Y. MAENO*
Affiliation:
Department of Virology and Parasitology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
R. CULLETON
Affiliation:
Malaria Unit, Department of Pathology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Nagasaki, Japan
N. T. QUANG
Affiliation:
Khanh Phu Malaria Research Unit, Medical Committee Netherlands-Viet Nam, Nha Trang, Khanh Hoa Province, Viet Nam
S. KAWAI
Affiliation:
Laboratory of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, Dokkyo Medical University, Mibu, Tochigi, Japan
R. P. MARCHAND
Affiliation:
Khanh Phu Malaria Research Unit, Medical Committee Netherlands-Viet Nam, Nha Trang, Khanh Hoa Province, Viet Nam
S. NAKAZAWA
Affiliation:
Department of Protozoology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Nagasaki, Japan
*
*Corresponding author: Department of Virology and Parasitology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, 1-98 Kutsukake, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan. E-mail: [email protected]
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Summary

Four species of malaria parasite, Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium vivax, Plasmodium malariae and Plasmodium knowlesi infect humans living in the Khanh Phu commune, Khanh Hoa Province, Vietnam. The latter species also infects wild macaque monkeys in this region. In order to understand the transmission dynamics of the three species, we attempted to detect gametocytes of the three species in the blood of infected individuals, and sporozoites in the salivary glands of mosquitoes from the same region. For the detection of gametocyte-specific mRNA, we targeted region 3 of pfg377, pvs25, pmg and pks25 as indicators of the presence of P. falciparum, P. vivax, P. malariae and P. knowlesi gametocytes, respectively. Gametocyte-specific mRNA was present in 37, 61, 0 and 47% of people infected with P. falciparum (n = 95), P. vivax (n = 69), P. malariae (n = 6) or P. knowlesi (n = 32), respectively. We found that 70% of mosquitoes that had P. knowlesi in their salivary glands also carried human malaria parasites, suggesting that mosquitoes are infected with P. knowlesi from human infections.

Keywords

malariagametocytesPlasmodium knowlesipfg377pvs25pks25dried blood spothumanmosquito
Type
Research Article
Information
Parasitology , Volume 144 , Issue 4 , April 2017 , pp. 527 - 535
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Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2016 

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