Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-8ctnn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-30T20:45:01.114Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Immunostaining of spores and plasmodia of disparate myxozoan genera with comments on the properties of the sporular mucus envelope

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  03 February 2006

D. J. MORRIS ,
K. MOLNÁR ,
M. LONGSHAW  and
A. ADAMS
D. J. MORRIS
Affiliation:
Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, UK
K. MOLNÁR
Affiliation:
Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 18, H-1581 Budapest, Hungary
M. LONGSHAW
Affiliation:
Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (CEFAS), Weymouth Laboratory, Barrack Road, The Nothe, Weymouth, Dorset DT4 8UB, UK
A. ADAMS
Affiliation:
Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, UK
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Species of the phylum Myxozoa are common parasites of fish and can cause severe losses in cultured species. Although a number of myxozoan life-cycles have now been elucidated, little is known about the biology of these organisms in the fish host. Monoclonal antibody B4 raised to the myxozoan Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae has been previously noted to react with a number of species infecting fish kidney. We present the results of a survey of 55 myxosporean species that determined that this antibody detects an antigen on the spore surface of 33 of these species in the genera Myxobolus, Sphaerospora and Thelohanellus. However, there appears to be no clear relationship between those spores that contain the MAb B4 reactive antigen and the host or organ in which they are detected. The antigen appears to be synthesized in the plasmodial cytoplasm and is intimately associated with the surface of the spore capsules and, where present, the mucus envelope. The nature of this envelope is further discussed in relation to its formation and distinctive properties.

Keywords

MyxozoaMicrosporidiaimmunohistochemistrymucus envelope
Type
Research Article
Information
Parasitology , Volume 132 , Issue 6 , June 2006 , pp. 781 - 790
Copyright
2006 Cambridge University Press

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Adams, A. and de Mateo, M. ( 1994). Immunohisochemical detection of fish pathogens. In Techniques in Fish Immunology 3. ( ed. Stolen, J. S., Fletcher, T. C., Rowley, A. F., Anderson, D. P., Kaattari, S. L., Zelikoff, J. T. and Smith, S. A.), pp. 133–145. SOS Publications, NJ, USA.
Dyková, I., Fiala, I. and Nie, P. ( 2003). New data on Myxobolus longisporus (Myxozoa: Myxobolidae) a gill infecting parasite of carp, Cyprinus carpio haematopterus, from Chinese lakes. Folia Parasitologica 50, 263–268.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hedrick, R. P., Baxa, D. V., de Kinkelin, P. and Okamura, B. ( 2004). Malacosporean-like spores in urine of rainbow trout react with antibody and DNA probes to Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae. Parasitology Research 92, 81–88. DOI: 10.1007/s00436-003-0986-3.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kent, M. L., Andree, K. B., Bartholomew, J. L., El-Matbouli, M., Desser, S. S., Devlin, R. H., Feist, S. W., Hedrick, R. P., Hoffmann, R. W., Khattra, J., Hallett, S. L., Lester, J. G., Longshaw, M., Palenzuela, O., Siddall, M. E. and Xiao, C. ( 2001). Recent advances in our knowledge of the Myxozoa. Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology 48, 395–413. DOI:10.1111/j.1550-7408.2001.tb00173.xCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kent, M. L. and Hedrick, R. P. ( 1986). Development of the PKX myxosporean in rainbow trout Salmo gairdneri. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 1, 169–182.Google Scholar
Lom, J. and Dyková, I. ( 1992). Protozoan parasites of fishes. In Developments in Aquaculture and Fisheries Science, vol. 26. Elsevier, Amsterdam, London, New York, Tokyo.
Lom, J., Dyková, I., Pavlásková, M. and Grupcheva, G. ( 1983). Sphaerospora molnari sp. nov. (Myxozoa: Myxosporea) an agent of gill skin and blood sphaerosporosis of common carp in Europe. Parasitology 86, 529–535.Google Scholar
Lom, J., Feist, S. W., Dyková, I. and Kepr, T. ( 1989). Brain myxoboliasis of bullhead, Cottus gobio L. due to Myxobolus jiroveci sp. nov.: light and electron microscope observations. Journal of Fish Diseases 12, 15–27.Google Scholar
Lom, J. and Vávra, J. ( 1963). Mucous envelopes of spores of the subphylum Cnidospora (Doflein 1901). Acta Societatis Zoologicae Bohemoslovenicae 27, 4–6.Google Scholar
Longshaw, M., Frear, P. A. and Feist, S. W. ( 2005). Descriptions, development and pathogenicity of myxozoan (Myxozoa: Myxosporea) parasites of juvenile cyprinids (Pisces: Cyprinidae). Journal of Fish Diseases 28, 489–508. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2761.2005.00656.xCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Marin de Mateo, M., McGeorge, J., Morris, D. and Kent, M. L. ( 1996). Comparative studies of PKX and Sphaerospora spp. from salmonids using lectin and monoclonal antibody staining techniques. Journal of Fish Diseases 19, 55–63.Google Scholar
Molnár, K. and Kovács-Gayer, E. ( 1985). The pathogenicity and development within the host fish of Myxobolus cyprini Doflein 1898. Parasitology 90, 549–555.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Molnár, K. and Székely, C. ( 1999). Myxobolus infection of the gills of common bream (Abramis brama L.) in lake Balaton and in the Kis-Balaton reservoir, Hungary. Acta Veterinaria Hungarica 47, 419–432.Google Scholar
Morris, D. J., Adams, A. and Richards, R. H. ( 1997). Studies of the PKX parasite in rainbow trout via immunohistochemistry and immunogold electron microscopy. Journal of Aquatic Animal Health 9, 265–273. DOI: 10.1577/1548-8667(1997) 009<0265:SOTPPI>2.3.CO;2CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Morris, D. J., Adams, A., Feist, S. W., McGeorge, J. and Richards, R. H. ( 2000). Immunohistochemical and PCR studies of wild fish for Tetracapsula bryosalmonae (PKX), the causative organism of proliferative kidney disease. Journal of Fish Diseases 23, 129–136. DOI:10.1046/j.1365-2761.2000.00227.xCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Morris, D. J., El-Matbouli, M. and Adams, A. ( 2004). Extensive release of an antigen associated with the sporogonic stages of Myxobolus cerebralis (Myxozoa: Myxosporea) is detected by a heterologous antibody raised to Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae (Myxozoa: Malacosporea). Folia Parasitologica 51, 215–220.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ogawa, K., Delgahapitiya, K. P., Furuta, T. and Wakabayashi, H. ( 1992). Histological studies on the host response to Myxobolus artus Akhmerov 1960 (Myxozoa: Myxobolidae) infection in the skeletal muscle of carp, Cyprinus carpio L. Journal of Fish Biology 41, 363–371.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Petchsupa, N. ( 2002). Studies on proliferative kidney disease with particular reference to vaccine development. Ph.D. thesis, University of Stirling, UK.
Trevors, J. T. and Pollack, G. H. ( 2005). Hypothesis: the origin of life in a hydrogel environment. Progress in Biophysics and Molecular Biology 89, 1–8. DOI:10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2004.07.003CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vávra, J. and Barker, R. J. ( 1980). The microsporidian mucocalyx as seen in the scanning electron microscope. Folia Parasitologica 27, 19–21.Google Scholar
Vávra, J. and Sprague, V. ( 1976). Glossary for the Microsporidia. In Biology of the Microsporidia: Comparative Pathobiology, vol. 1. ( ed. Bulla, L. A. and Chen, T. C.), pp. 341–363. Plenum Press, New York and London.
Wiggins, P. M. ( 1990). Role of water in some biological processes. Microbiological Reviews 54, 432–449.Google Scholar
Yokoyama, H., Tomonori, D., Ogawa, K., Arima, T. and Wakabayashi, H. ( 1996). Hemorrhagic anemia of carp associated with spore discharge of Myxobolus artus (Myxozoa: Myxosporea). Fish Pathology 31, 19–23.CrossRefGoogle Scholar